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This article focuses on the study of Word Embedding, a feature-learning technique in Natural Language Processing that maps words or phrases to low-dimensional vectors. Beginning with the linguistic theories concerning contextual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-05 Xiaolei Lu , Bin Ni

This paper presents a geometric approach to the problem of modelling the relationship between words and concepts, focusing in particular on analogical phenomena in language and cognition. Grounded in recent theories regarding geometric…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-08-05 Stephen McGregor , Matthew Purver , Geraint Wiggins

Antonyms, or opposites, are sometimes defined as \emph{word pairs that have all of the same contextually relevant properties but one}. Seeing how transformer models seem to encode concepts as directions, this begs the question if one can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Rami Luisto

More than 80% of today's data is unstructured in nature, and these unstructured datasets evolve over time. A large part of these datasets are text documents generated by media outlets, scholarly articles in digital libraries, findings from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-03-21 Roberto Camacho Barranco , Raimundo F. Dos Santos , M. Shahriar Hossain

Dense word embeddings, which encode semantic meanings of words to low dimensional vector spaces have become very popular in natural language processing (NLP) research due to their state-of-the-art performances in many NLP tasks. Word…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-07-20 Lutfi Kerem Senel , Ihsan Utlu , Veysel Yucesoy , Aykut Koc , Tolga Cukur

We show that removing sigmoid transformation in the skip-gram with negative sampling (SGNS) objective does not harm the quality of word vectors significantly and at the same time is related to factorizing a squashed shifted PMI matrix…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-09-29 Zhenisbek Assylbekov , Alibi Jangeldin

Distributional semantic models learn vector representations of words through the contexts they occur in. Although the choice of context (which often takes the form of a sliding window) has a direct influence on the resulting embeddings, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-04-20 Pierre Lison , Andrey Kutuzov

We develop a vector space semantics for Lambek Calculus with Soft Subexponentials, apply the calculus to construct compositional vector interpretations for parasitic gap noun phrases and discourse units with anaphora and ellipsis, and…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-10-09 Lachlan McPheat , Hadi Wazni , Mehrnoosh Sadrzadeh

We show how random vectors and random projection can be implemented in the usual vector space model to construct a Euclidean semantic space from a French synonym dictionary. We evaluate theoretically the resulting noise and show the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-03-08 Jean-François Delpech , Sabine Ploux

We first observe a potential weakness of continuous vector representations of symbols in neural machine translation. That is, the continuous vector representation, or a word embedding vector, of a symbol encodes multiple dimensions of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-07-05 Heeyoul Choi , Kyunghyun Cho , Yoshua Bengio

Eliciting semantic similarity between concepts in the biomedical domain remains a challenging task. Recent approaches founded on embedding vectors have gained in popularity as they risen to efficiently capture semantic relationships The…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-12-07 Saïd Abdeddaïm , Sylvestre Vimard , Lina Fatima Soualmia

Words are not created equal. In fact, they form an aristocratic graph with a latent hierarchical structure that the next generation of unsupervised learned word embeddings should reveal. In this paper, justified by the notion of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-11-26 Alexandru Tifrea , Gary Bécigneul , Octavian-Eugen Ganea

Word embedding methods revolve around learning continuous distributed vector representations of words with neural networks, which can capture semantic and/or syntactic cues, and in turn be used to induce similarity measures among words,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-07-25 Kuan-Yu Chen , Shih-Hung Liu , Berlin Chen , Hsin-Min Wang , Hsin-Hsi Chen

SkipGram word embedding models with negative sampling, or SGN in short, is an elegant family of word embedding models. In this paper, we formulate a framework for word embedding, referred to as Word-Context Classification (WCC), that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Dezhi Liu , Richong Zhang , Ziqiao Wang

Word co-occurrence networks have been employed to analyze texts both in the practical and theoretical scenarios. Despite the relative success in several applications, traditional co-occurrence networks fail in establishing links between…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-16 Laura V. C. Quispe , Jorge A. V. Tohalino , Diego R. Amancio

Existing algorithms for aligning cross-lingual word vector spaces assume that vector spaces are approximately isomorphic. As a result, they perform poorly or fail completely on non-isomorphic spaces. Such non-isomorphism has been…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-21 Ivan Vulić , Sebastian Ruder , Anders Søgaard

The computation of distance measures between nodes in graphs is inefficient and does not scale to large graphs. We explore dense vector representations as an effective way to approximate the same information: we introduce a simple yet…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-18 Andrey Kutuzov , Mohammad Dorgham , Oleksiy Oliynyk , Chris Biemann , Alexander Panchenko

In recent years, concepts and methods of complex networks have been employed to tackle the word sense disambiguation (WSD) task by representing words as nodes, which are connected if they are semantically similar. Despite the increasingly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-02-27 Edilson A. Correa , Alneu de Andrade Lopes , Diego R. Amancio

Distributional models are derived from co-occurrences in a corpus, where only a small proportion of all possible plausible co-occurrences will be observed. This results in a very sparse vector space, requiring a mechanism for inferring…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-08-25 Thomas Kober , Julie Weeds , Jeremy Reffin , David Weir

We introduce a method for embedding words as probability densities in a low-dimensional space. Rather than assuming that a word embedding is fixed across the entire text collection, as in standard word embedding methods, in our Bayesian…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-06-12 Arthur Bražinskas , Serhii Havrylov , Ivan Titov