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Real-world requests to AI agents are fundamentally underspecified. Natural human communication relies on shared context and unstated constraints that speakers expect listeners to infer. Current agentic benchmarks test explicit…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Ved Sirdeshmukh , Marc Wetter

The public goods game describes a social dilemma in which a large proportion of agents act as conditional cooperators (CC): they only act cooperatively if they see others acting cooperatively because they satisfice with the social norm to…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Shatayu Kulkarni , Sabine Brunswicker

Collaborative learning techniques have the potential to enable training machine learning models that are superior to models trained on a single entity's data. However, in many cases, potential participants in such collaborative schemes are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Florian E. Dorner , Nikola Konstantinov , Georgi Pashaliev , Martin Vechev

Most of agents that learn policy for tasks with reinforcement learning (RL) lack the ability to communicate with people, which makes human-agent collaboration challenging. We believe that, in order for RL agents to comprehend utterances…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-10-15 Yosuke Fukuchi , Masahiko Osawa , Hiroshi Yamakawa , Tatsuji Takahashi , Michita Imai

In cooperation, the workers must know how co-workers behave. However, an agent's policy, which is embedded in a statistical machine learning model, is hard to understand, and requires much time and knowledge to comprehend. Therefore, it is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-10-23 Yosuke Fukuchi , Masahiko Osawa , Hiroshi Yamakawa , Michita Imai

Recent research has demonstrated the potential of reinforcement learning (RL) in enabling effective multi-robot collaboration, particularly in social dilemmas where robots face a trade-off between self-interests and collective benefits.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-08-01 Shahab Nikkhoo , Zexin Li , Aritra Samanta , Yufei Li , Cong Liu

Reinforcement learning (RL) -- algorithms that teach artificial agents to interact with environments by maximising reward signals -- has achieved significant success in recent years. These successes have been facilitated by advances in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Llewyn Salt , Marcus Gallagher

Consider a typical organization whose worker agents seek to collectively cooperate for its general betterment. However, each individual agent simultaneously seeks to act to secure a larger chunk than its co-workers of the annual increment…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-19 Keyang He , Bikramjit Banerjee , Prashant Doshi

We consider the multi-agent reinforcement learning setting with imperfect information in which each agent is trying to maximize its own utility. The reward function depends on the hidden state (or goal) of both agents, so the agents must…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-03-28 Roberta Raileanu , Emily Denton , Arthur Szlam , Rob Fergus

When collaborating with multiple parties, communicating relevant information is of utmost importance to efficiently completing the tasks at hand. Under active inference, communication can be cast as sharing beliefs between free-energy…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Ozan Catal , Toon Van de Maele , Riddhi J. Pitliya , Mahault Albarracin , Candice Pattisapu , Tim Verbelen

Preference-based Reinforcement Learning (PbRL) is a paradigm in which an RL agent learns to optimize a task using pair-wise preference-based feedback over trajectories, rather than explicit reward signals. While PbRL has demonstrated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Wenhao Zhan , Masatoshi Uehara , Wen Sun , Jason D. Lee

Understanding the emergence of cooperation in systems of computational agents is crucial for the development of effective cooperative AI. Interaction among individuals in real-world settings are often sparse and occur within a broad…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-01-24 Nicole Orzan , Erman Acar , Davide Grossi , Roxana Rădulescu

Direct reciprocity is a mechanism for the evolution of cooperation in repeated social interactions. According to this literature, individuals naturally learn to adopt conditionally cooperative strategies if they have multiple encounters…

Physics and Society · Physics 2023-11-07 Nikoleta E. Glynatsi , Alex McAvoy , Christian Hilbe

In collaborative active learning, where multiple agents try to learn labels from a common hypothesis, we introduce an innovative framework for incentivized collaboration. Here, rational agents aim to obtain labels for their data sets while…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-11-02 Lee Cohen , Han Shao

In this paper, we consider the problem of social learning, where a group of agents embedded in a social network are interested in learning an underlying state of the world. Agents have incomplete, noisy, and heterogeneous sources of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-27 Mahyar JafariNodeh , Amir Ajorlou , Ali Jadbabaie

The challenge of developing powerful and general Reinforcement Learning (RL) agents has received increasing attention in recent years. Much of this effort has focused on the single-agent setting, in which an agent maximizes a predefined…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-21 Jiachen Yang , Ang Li , Mehrdad Farajtabar , Peter Sunehag , Edward Hughes , Hongyuan Zha

We consider a collaborative learning setting where the goal of each agent is to improve their own model by leveraging the expertise of collaborators, in addition to their own training data. To facilitate the exchange of expertise among…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-16 Dongyang Fan , Celestine Mendler-Dünner , Martin Jaggi

This work studies the distributed learning process on a network of agents. Agents make partial observation about an unknown hypothesis and iteratively share their beliefs over a set of possible hypotheses with their neighbors to learn the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-19 P Raghavendra Rao , Pooja Vyavahare

In Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL), specialized channels are often introduced that allow agents to communicate directly with one another. In this paper, we propose an alternative approach whereby agents communicate through an…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-05-26 Dianbo Liu , Vedant Shah , Oussama Boussif , Cristian Meo , Anirudh Goyal , Tianmin Shu , Michael Mozer , Nicolas Heess , Yoshua Bengio

We study the problem of designing autonomous agents that can learn to cooperate effectively with a potentially suboptimal partner while having no access to the joint reward function. This problem is modeled as a cooperative episodic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-14 Thomas Kleine Buening , Anne-Marie George , Christos Dimitrakakis