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In this research, we investigate techniques to detect hate speech in movies. We introduce a new dataset collected from the subtitles of six movies, where each utterance is annotated either as hate, offensive or normal. We apply transfer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-25 Niklas von Boguszewski , Sana Moin , Anirban Bhowmick , Seid Muhie Yimam , Chris Biemann

In this paper we present a benchmark dataset generated as part of a project for automatic identification of misogyny within online content, which focuses in particular on memes. The benchmark here described is composed of 800 memes…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-10-07 Francesca Gasparini , Giulia Rizzi , Aurora Saibene , Elisabetta Fersini

As a YouTube channel grows, each video can potentially collect enormous amounts of comments that provide direct feedback from the viewers. These comments are a major means of understanding viewer expectations and improving channel…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-06-05 Rhitabrat Pokharel , Dixit Bhatta

Breaking cybersecurity events are shared across a range of websites, including security blogs (FireEye, Kaspersky, etc.), in addition to social media platforms such as Facebook and Twitter. In this paper, we investigate methods to analyze…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-05-06 Shi Zong , Alan Ritter , Graham Mueller , Evan Wright

In detecting malicious websites, a common approach is the use of blacklists which are not exhaustive in themselves and are unable to generalize to new malicious sites. Detecting newly encountered malicious websites automatically will help…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-09-21 Adebayo Oshingbesan , Courage Ekoh , Chukwuemeka Okobi , Aime Munezero , Kagame Richard

Misbehavior in online social networks (OSN) is an ever-growing phenomenon. The research to date tends to focus on the deployment of machine learning to identify and classify types of misbehavior such as bullying, aggression, and racism to…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2022-02-17 Hina Qayyum , Benjamin Zi Hao Zhao , Ian D. Wood , Muhammad Ikram , Mohamed Ali Kaafar , Nicolas Kourtellis

The rise of social networks has not only facilitated communication but also allowed the spread of harmful content. Although significant advances have been made in detecting toxic language in textual data, the exploration of concept-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Samarth Garg , Divya Singh , Deeksha Varshney , Mamta

Toxic Online Content (TOC) includes messages on digital platforms that are harmful, hostile, or damaging to constructive public discourse. Individuals, organizations, and LLMs respond to TOC through counterspeech or counternarrative…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Lisa Schirch , Kristina Radivojevic , Cathy Buerger

Social media platforms are often blamed for exacerbating political polarization and worsening public dialogue. Many claim that hyperpartisan users post pernicious content, slanted to their political views, inciting contentious and toxic…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Hans W. A. Hanley , Zakir Durumeric

Classic information extraction techniques consist in building questions and answers about the facts. Indeed, it is still a challenge to subjective information extraction systems to identify opinions and feelings in context. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-23 Francielle Alves Vargas , Isabelle Carvalho , Fabiana Rodrigues de Góes

The pervasiveness of offensive language on the social network has caused adverse effects on society, such as abusive behavior online. It is urgent to detect offensive language and curb its spread. Existing research shows that methods with…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2022-03-07 Zhenxiong Miao , Xingshu Chen , Haizhou Wang , Rui Tang , Zhou Yang , Wenyi Tang

Despite the recent successes of transformer-based models in terms of effectiveness on a variety of tasks, their decisions often remain opaque to humans. Explanations are particularly important for tasks like offensive language or toxicity…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-03 Tong Xiang , Sean MacAvaney , Eugene Yang , Nazli Goharian

In recent years, the use of machine learning classifiers is of great value in solving a variety of problems in text classification. Sentiment mining is a kind of text classification in which, messages are classified according to sentiment…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-02-18 Vinodhini G Chandrasekaran RM

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong performance on simple text classification tasks, frequently under zero-shot settings. However, their efficacy declines when tackling complex social media challenges…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Elyas Meguellati , Assaad Zeghina , Shazia Sadiq , Gianluca Demartini

Hate speech on social media is a growing concern, and automated methods have so far been sub-par at reliably detecting it. A major challenge lies in the potentially evasive nature of hate speech due to the ambiguity and fast evolution of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-17 Maximilian Kupi , Michael Bodnar , Nikolas Schmidt , Carlos Eduardo Posada

The rapid growth of social media in recent years has fed into some highly undesirable phenomena such as proliferation of abusive and offensive language on the Internet. Previous research suggests that such hateful content tends to come from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-02-19 Pushkar Mishra , Marco Del Tredici , Helen Yannakoudakis , Ekaterina Shutova

Computer generated academic papers have been used to expose a lack of thorough human review at several computer science conferences. We assess the problem of classifying such documents. After identifying and evaluating several quantifiable…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2010-08-05 Allen Lavoie , Mukkai Krishnamoorthy

The internet has become a central medium through which `networked publics' express their opinions and engage in debate. Offensive comments and personal attacks can inhibit participation in these spaces. Automated content moderation aims to…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2017-09-06 Reuben Binns , Michael Veale , Max Van Kleek , Nigel Shadbolt

Hate speech is a form of online harassment that involves the use of abusive language, and it is commonly seen in social media posts. This sort of harassment mainly focuses on specific group characteristics such as religion, gender,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-10 Georgios K. Pitsilis

Platforms that support online commentary, from social networks to news sites, are increasingly leveraging machine learning to assist their moderation efforts. But this process does not typically provide feedback to the author that would…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-12 Leo Laugier , John Pavlopoulos , Jeffrey Sorensen , Lucas Dixon