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In 2021 the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory held an internal challenge to develop artificially intelligent (AI) agents that could excel at the collaborative card game Hanabi. Agents were evaluated on their ability to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-11-19 Nicholas Kantack

Agent modelling involves considering how other agents will behave, in order to influence your own actions. In this paper, we explore the use of agent modelling in the hidden-information, collaborative card game Hanabi. We implement a number…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-04-25 Joseph Walton-Rivers , Piers R. Williams , Richard Bartle , Diego Perez-Liebana , Simon M. Lucas

From the early days of computing, games have been important testbeds for studying how well machines can do sophisticated decision making. In recent years, machine learning has made dramatic advances with artificial agents reaching…

Hanabi is a cooperative game that brings the problem of modeling other players to the forefront. In this game, coordinated groups of players can leverage pre-established conventions to great effect, but playing in an ad-hoc setting requires…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-08-31 Rodrigo Canaan , Xianbo Gao , Julian Togelius , Andy Nealen , Stefan Menzel

In complex scenarios where a model of other actors is necessary to predict and interpret their actions, it is often desirable that the model works well with a wide variety of previously unknown actors. Hanabi is a card game that brings the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-07-10 Rodrigo Canaan , Julian Togelius , Andy Nealen , Stefan Menzel

Hanabi is a cooperative game that challenges exist-ing AI techniques due to its focus on modeling the mental states ofother players to interpret and predict their behavior. While thereare agents that can achieve near-perfect scores in the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-04-29 Rodrigo Canaan , Xianbo Gao , Youjin Chung , Julian Togelius , Andy Nealen , Stefan Menzel

Deep reinforcement learning has generated superhuman AI in competitive games such as Go and StarCraft. Can similar learning techniques create a superior AI teammate for human-machine collaborative games? Will humans prefer AI teammates that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-10-25 Ho Chit Siu , Jaime D. Pena , Edenna Chen , Yutai Zhou , Victor J. Lopez , Kyle Palko , Kimberlee C. Chang , Ross E. Allen

In this paper we study a cooperative card game called Hanabi from the viewpoint of algorithmic combinatorial game theory. In Hanabi, each card has one among $c$ colors and a number between $1$ and $n$. The aim is to make, for each color, a…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2017-03-09 Jean-Francois Baffier , Man-Kwun Chiu , Yago Diez , Matias Korman , Valia Mitsou , André van Renssen , Marcel Roeloffzen , Yushi Uno

The card game Hanabi is considered a strong medium for the testing and development of multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) algorithms, due to its cooperative nature, partial observability, limited communication and remarkable…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-05-27 F. Bredell , H. A. Engelbrecht , J. C. Schoeman

Recent superhuman results in games have largely been achieved in a variety of zero-sum settings, such as Go and Poker, in which agents need to compete against others. However, just like humans, real-world AI systems have to coordinate and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-12-06 Adam Lerer , Hengyuan Hu , Jakob Foerster , Noam Brown

Hanabi has become a popular game for research when it comes to reinforcement learning (RL) as it is one of the few cooperative card games where you have incomplete knowledge of the entire environment, thus presenting a challenge for a RL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Nina Cohen , Kordel K. France

Achieving seamless coordination between AI agents and humans is crucial for real-world applications, yet it remains a significant open challenge. Hanabi is a cooperative card game featuring imperfect information, constrained communication,…

Cooperative reasoning under incomplete information remains challenging for both humans and multi-agent systems. The card game Hanabi embodies this challenge, requiring theory-of-mind reasoning and strategic communication. We benchmark 17…

We seek measurable properties of AI agents that make them better or worse teammates from the subjective perspective of human collaborators. Our experiments use the cooperative card game Hanabi -- a common benchmark for AI-teaming research.…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Ho Chit Siu , Jaime D. Peña , Yutai Zhou , Ross E. Allen

Traditional multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) systems can develop cooperative strategies through repeated interactions. However, these systems are unable to perform well on any other setting than the one they have been trained on,…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Arjun V Sudhakar , Hadi Nekoei , Mathieu Reymond , Miao Liu , Janarthanan Rajendran , Sarath Chandar

The partially observable card game Hanabi has recently been proposed as a new AI challenge problem due to its dependence on implicit communication conventions and apparent necessity of theory of mind reasoning for efficient play. In this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-01-26 Andrew Fuchs , Michael Walton , Theresa Chadwick , Doug Lange

In pursuit of enhanced multi-agent collaboration, we analyze several on-policy deep reinforcement learning algorithms in the recently published Hanabi benchmark. Our research suggests a perhaps counter-intuitive finding, where Proximal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-23 Bram Grooten , Jelle Wemmenhove , Maurice Poot , Jim Portegies

Humans can quickly adapt to new partners in collaborative tasks (e.g. playing basketball), because they understand which fundamental skills of the task (e.g. how to dribble, how to shoot) carry over across new partners. Humans can also…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-08 Andy Shih , Arjun Sawhney , Jovana Kondic , Stefano Ermon , Dorsa Sadigh

Digital collectible card games are not only a growing part of the video game industry, but also an interesting research area for the field of computational intelligence. This game genre allows researchers to deal with hidden information,…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Pablo García-Sánchez , Alberto Tonda , Antonio J. Fernández-Leiva , Carlos Cotta

Training agents in cooperative settings offers the promise of AI agents able to interact effectively with humans (and other agents) in the real world. Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) has the potential to achieve this goal,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-16 Jaleh Zand , Jack Parker-Holder , Stephen J. Roberts
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