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In opinion polls, the public frequently claim to value their privacy. However, individuals often seem to overlook the principle, contributing to a disparity labelled the `Privacy Paradox'. The growth of the Internet-of-Things (IoT) is…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2018-07-17 Meredydd Williams , Jason R. C. Nurse , Sadie Creese

Current electronic voting systems require an anonymous channel during the voting phase to prevent coercion. Typically, low-latency anonymization-networks like Tor are used for this purpose. In this paper we devise a monitoring attack that…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-02-10 Christian Meter , Alexander Schneider , Philipp Hagemeister , Martin Mauve

As e-commerce continues to expand, the urgency for stronger privacy and security measures becomes increasingly critical, particularly on platforms frequented by younger users who are often less aware of potential risks. In our analysis of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Urvashi Kishnani , Sanchari Das

Web pornography represents a large fraction of the Internet traffic, with thousands of websites and millions of users. Studying web pornography consumption allows understanding human behaviors and it is crucial for medical and psychological…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-05-05 Andrea Morichetta , Martino Trevisan , Luca Vassio

Online data sources offer tremendous promise to demography and other social sciences, but researchers worry that the group of people who are represented in online datasets can be different from the general population. We show that by…

Applications · Statistics 2019-07-01 Dennis M. Feehan , Curtiss Cobb

We introduce cryptographic protocols for securely and efficiently computing the cardinality of set union and set intersection. Our private set-cardinality protocols (PSC) are designed for the setting in which a large set of parties in a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-07-01 Ellis Fenske , Akshaya Mani , Aaron Johnson , Micah Sherr

Privacy is a well-understood concept in the physical world, with us all desiring some escape from the public gaze. However, while individuals might recognise locking doors as protecting privacy, they have difficulty practising equivalent…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2018-07-17 Meredydd Williams , Jason R. C. Nurse , Sadie Creese

Despite being the most popular privacy-enhancing network, Tor is increasingly adopted by cybercriminals to obfuscate malicious traffic, hindering the identification of malware-related communications between compromised devices and Command…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-26 Ishan Karunanayake , Mashael AlSabah , Nadeem Ahmed , Sanjay Jha

The Tor anonymity network allows users such as political activists and those under repressive governments to protect their privacy when communicating over the internet. At the same time, Tor has been demonstrated to be vulnerable to several…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-28 Rachel King , Quinn Burke , Yohan Beugin , Blaine Hoak , Kunyang Li , Eric Pauley , Ryan Sheatsley , Patrick McDaniel

The Tor network enhances clients' privacy by routing traffic through an overlay network of volunteered intermediate relays. Tor employs a distributed protocol among nine hard-coded Directory Authority (DA) servers to securely disseminate…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Zhongtang Luo , Adithya Bhat , Kartik Nayak , Aniket Kate

We identify class of covert channels in browsers that are not mitigated by current defenses, which we call "pool-party" attacks. Pool-party attacks allow sites to create covert channels by manipulating limited-but-unpartitioned resource…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-03-22 Peter Snyder , Soroush Karami , Arthur Edelstein , Benjamin Livshits , Hamed Haddadi

Internet of Things (IoT) devices are becoming increasingly important. These devices are often resource-limited, hindering rigorous enforcement of security policies. Assessing the vulnerability of IoT devices is an important problem, but…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-01-30 Davino Mauro Junior , Luis Melo , Harvey Lu , Marcelo d'Amorim , Atul Prakash

In the modern Web, service providers often rely heavily on third parties to run their services. For example, they make use of ad networks to finance their services, externally hosted libraries to develop features quickly, and analytics…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-02-04 Tobias Urban , Martin Degeling , Thorsten Holz , Norbert Pohlmann

Anonymity networks like Tor significantly enhance online privacy but are vulnerable to correlation attacks by state-level adversaries. While covert channels encapsulated in media protocols, particularly WebRTC-based encapsulation, have…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-20 Afonso Vilalonga , João S. Resende , Henrique Domingos

Over the last decade botnets survived by adopting a sequence of increasingly sophisticated strategies to evade detection and take overs, and to monetize their infrastructure. At the same time, the success of privacy infrastructures such as…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-01-15 Amirali Sanatinia , Guevara Noubir

Third-party tracking is common on almost all commercially operated websites. Prior work has studied in detail the extent of third-party tracking on the web, detection of third-party trackers, and defending against third-party tracking.…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2019-11-18 Matius Chairani , Mathieu Chevalley , Abderrahmane Lazraq , Sruti Bhagavatula

The popularity of Tor as an anonymity system has made it a popular target for a variety of attacks. We focus on traffic correlation attacks, which are no longer solely in the realm of academic research with recent revelations about the NSA…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-12-29 Rishab Nithyanand , Oleksii Starov , Adva Zair , Phillipa Gill , Michael Schapira

Website fingerprinting attacks, which use statistical analysis on network traffic to compromise user privacy, have been shown to be effective even if the traffic is sent over anonymity-preserving networks such as Tor. The classical attack…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-02-22 Anatoly Shusterman , Lachlan Kang , Yarden Haskal , Yosef Meltser , Prateek Mittal , Yossi Oren , Yuval Yarom

Zoom serves millions of users daily and allows third-party developers to integrate their apps with the Zoom client and reach those users. So far, these apps' privacy and security aspects, which can access rich audio-visual data (among…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Saharsh Goenka , Adit Prabhu , Payge Sakurai , Mrinaal Ramachandran , Rakibul Hasan

The steady reports of privacy invasions online paints a picture of the Internet growing into a more dangerous place. This is supported by reports of the potential scale for online harms facilitated by the mass deployment of online…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-09-23 Kovila P. L. Coopamootoo