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The Weisfeiler-Leman (WL) algorithms form a family of incomplete approaches to the graph isomorphism problem. They recently found various applications in algorithmic group theory and machine learning. In fact, the algorithms form a…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Thomas Schneider , Pascal Schweitzer

Graph generation generally aims to create new graphs that closely align with a specific graph distribution. Existing works often implicitly capture this distribution through the optimization of generators, potentially overlooking the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Song Wang , Zhen Tan , Xinyu Zhao , Tianlong Chen , Huan Liu , Jundong Li

Graphs are fundamental data structures which concisely capture the relational structure in many important real-world domains, such as knowledge graphs, physical and social interactions, language, and chemistry. Here we introduce a powerful…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-03-12 Yujia Li , Oriol Vinyals , Chris Dyer , Razvan Pascanu , Peter Battaglia

An important open problem in supersingular isogeny-based cryptography is to produce, without a trusted authority, concrete examples of "hard supersingular curves" that is, equations for supersingular curves for which computing the…

The $k$-dimensional Weisfeiler-Leman algorithm is a powerful tool in graph isomorphism testing. For an input graph $G$, the algorithm determines a canonical coloring of $s$-tuples of vertices of $G$ for each $s$ between 1 and $k$. We say…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2020-05-20 Frank Fuhlbrück , Johannes Köbler , Oleg Verbitsky

The Colour Refinement algorithm is a classical procedure to detect symmetries in graphs, whose most prominent application is in graph-isomorphism tests. The algorithm and its generalisation, the Weisfeiler-Leman algorithm, evaluate local…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Sandra Kiefer , T. Devini de Mel

In this work we produce a framework for constructing universal function approximators on graph isomorphism classes. We prove how this framework comes with a collection of theoretically desirable properties and enables novel analysis. We…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-10-27 Rickard Brüel-Gabrielsson

In the past decades for more and more graph classes the Graph Isomorphism Problem was shown to be solvable in polynomial time. An interesting family of graph classes arises from intersection graphs of geometric objects. In this work we show…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-06-23 Daniel Neuen

We study the parameterized complexity of the graph isomorphism problem when parameterized by width parameters related to tree decompositions. We apply the following technique to obtain fixed-parameter tractability for such parameters. We…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2014-03-31 Yota Otachi , Pascal Schweitzer

We examine ordered graphs, defined as graphs with linearly ordered vertices, from the perspective of homomorphisms (and colorings) and their complexities. We demonstrate the corresponding computational and parameterized complexities, along…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Michal Čertík , Andreas Emil Feldmann , Jaroslav Nešetřil , Paweł Rzążewski

We provide a general framework for computing lower-bounds on the sample complexity of recovering the underlying graphs of Ising models, given i.i.d samples. While there have been recent results for specific graph classes, these involve…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-12-09 Karthikeyan Shanmugam , Rashish Tandon , Alexandros G. Dimakis , Pradeep Ravikumar

It is known that a graph isomorphism testing algorithm is polynomially equivalent to a detecting of a graph non-trivial automorphism algorithm. The polynomiality of the latter algorithm, is obtained by consideration of symmetry properties…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Aleksandr Golubchik

Graphs with diverse structural characteristics play a central role in modelling and optimization tasks. The ability to generate different types of graphs that exhibit shared properties is likewise essential for algorithm selection and…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Hendrik Richter , Frank Neumann

Construction of non-isomorphic cospectral graphs is a nontrivial problem in spectral graph theory specially for large graphs. In this paper, we establish that graph theoretical partial transpose of a graph is a potential tool to create…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-08-13 Supriyo Dutta , Bibhas Adhikari

We give an isomorphism test for graphs of Euler genus $g$ running in time $2^{O(g^4 \log g)}n^{O(1)}$. Our algorithm provides the first explicit upper bound on the dependence on $g$ for an fpt isomorphism test parameterized by the Euler…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-03-08 Daniel Neuen

In this paper we develop three characterizations for isomorphism of graphs. The first characterization is obtained by associating certain bitableaux with the graphs. We order these bitableaux by suitably defined lexicographic order and…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2015-12-16 Dhananjay P. Mehendale

In this paper, we demonstrate that considering experiments in a graph-theoretic manner allows us to exploit automorphisms of the graph to reduce the number of evaluations of candidate designs for those experiments, and thus find optimal…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-02-28 Ben M. Parker , Steven G Gilmour , Vasiliki Koutra

Line graph transformation has been widely studied in graph theory, where each node in a line graph corresponds to an edge in the original graph. This has inspired a series of graph neural networks (GNNs) applied to transformed line graphs,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Fan Yang , Xingyue Huang

We consider the isomorphism problem for hypergraphs taking as input two hypergraphs over the same set of vertices $V$ and a permutation group $\Gamma$ over domain $V$, and asking whether there is a permutation $\gamma \in \Gamma$ that…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-10-26 Daniel Neuen

This thesis focuses on theoretical and algorithmic tools for determining the numbers of induced subgraphs in strongly regular graphs, SRGs, and on further applications of such numbers. We consider in more detail a restricted class of these…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-12-14 Kristína Kováčiková