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Retrosynthesis, the process of breaking down a target molecule into simpler precursors through a series of valid reactions, stands at the core of organic chemistry and drug development. Although recent machine learning (ML) research has…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Haorui Wang , Jeff Guo , Lingkai Kong , Rampi Ramprasad , Philippe Schwaller , Yuanqi Du , Chao Zhang

The difficulty of simulating quantum systems, well-known to quantum chemists, prompted the idea of quantum computation. One can avoid the steep scaling associated with the exact simulation of increasingly large quantum systems on…

We show how a quantum computer can be employed to elucidate reaction mechanisms in complex chemical systems, using the open problem of biological nitrogen fixation in nitrogenase as an example. We discuss how quantum computers can augment…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-08-14 Markus Reiher , Nathan Wiebe , Krysta M Svore , Dave Wecker , Matthias Troyer

Chemical reactor networks (CRNs) enable simulations of combustion reactors with detailed chemical kinetics and strongly simplified flow structure. In this paper, the implementation of a reactor component with less idealized flow structure,…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2023-05-22 Lisanne Gossel , Mathis Fricke , Dieter Bothe

Machine learning techniques have found their way into computational chemistry as indispensable tools to accelerate atomistic simulations and materials design. In addition, machine learning approaches hold the potential to boost the…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2025-10-03 Johannes Voss

Machine learning (ML) provides a broad spectrum of tools and architectures that enable the transformation of data from simulations and experiments into useful and explainable science, thereby augmenting domain knowledge. Furthermore,…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2024-09-05 Farbod Faraji , Maryam Reza

Chemical systems are interpreted through the species they contain and the reactions they may undergo, i.e., their chemical reaction network (CRN). In spite of their central importance to chemistry, the structure of CRNs continues to be…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-06-17 Alex Blokhuis , Martijn van Kuppeveld , Daan van de Weem , Robert Pollice

In recent years, conventional chemistry techniques have faced significant challenges due to their inherent limitations, struggling to cope with the increasing complexity and volume of data generated in contemporary research endeavors.…

Generative machine learning models for exploring chemical space have shown immense promise, but many molecules they generate are too difficult to synthesize, making them impractical for further investigation or development. In this work, we…

One of the primary challenges in quantum chemistry is the accurate modeling of strong electron correlation. While multireference methods effectively capture such correlation, their steep scaling with system size prohibits their application…

We study the composability of discrete chemical reaction networks (CRNs) that stably compute (i.e., with probability 0 of error) integer-valued functions $f:\mathbb{N}^d\to\mathbb{N}$. We consider output-oblivious CRNs in which the output…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-06-04 Eric E. Severson , David Haley , David Doty

This paper introduces ChemGen, a software package that uses code generation to integrate multispecies thermodynamics and chemical kinetics into C+-based computational physics codes. ChemGen aims to make chemical kinetics more accessible in…

Computational Physics · Physics 2025-12-11 Ryan F. Johnson , Eric J. Ching , Ethan S. Genter , Joshua E. Lipman , Andrew D. Kercher , Jay Arcities , Hai Wang

Deep learning, a subfield of machine learning, has gained importance in various application areas in recent years. Its growing popularity has led it to enter the natural sciences as well. This has created the need for molecular…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2026-03-09 Sanjanasri JP , Pratiti Bhadra , N. Sukumar , Soman KP

In this review, we highlight recent developments in the application of machine learning for molecular modeling and simulation. After giving a brief overview of the foundations, components, and workflow of a typical supervised learning…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2019-02-21 Mojtaba Haghighatlari , Johannes Hachmann

Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) are weaving their way into the fabric of society, where they are playing a crucial role in numerous facets of our lives. As we witness the increased deployment of AI and ML in various…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2022-12-23 Sasitharan Balasubramaniam , Samitha Somathilaka , Sehee Sun , Adrian Ratwatte , Massimiliano Pierobon

We study the model of continuous chemical reaction networks (CRNs), consisting of reactions such as $A+B \to C+D$ that can transform some continuous, nonnegative real-valued quantity (called a *concentration*) of chemical species $A$ and…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Kim Calabrese , David Doty

We explore the range of probabilistic behaviours that can be engineered with Chemical Reaction Networks (CRNs). We show that at steady state CRNs are able to "program" any distribution with finite support in $\mathbb{N}^m$, with $m \geq 1$.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2018-04-25 Luca Cardelli , Marta Kwiatkowska , Luca Laurenti

Representation learning is an important step in the machine learning pipeline. Given the current biological sequencing data volume, learning an explicit representation is prohibitive due to the dimensionality of the resulting feature…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-04 Sarwan Ali , Usama Sardar , Murray Patterson , Imdad Ullah Khan

Genome editing allows scientists to change an organism's DNA. One promising genome editing protocol, already validated in living organisms, is based on clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas protein-nucleic…

Biological Physics · Physics 2019-07-25 Angana Ray , Rosa Di Felice

The application of large language models (LLMs) to chemistry is frequently hampered by a "tokenization bottleneck", where tokenizers tuned on general-domain text tend to fragment chemical representations such as SMILES into semantically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Prathamesh Kalamkar , Ned Letcher , Meissane Chami , Sahger Lad , Shayan Mohanty , Prasanna Pendse
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