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Instrumental variable (IV) analyses are becoming common in health services research and epidemiology. Most IV analyses use naturally occurring instruments, such as distance to a hospital. In these analyses, investigators must assume the…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-07-04 Zach Branson , Luke Keele

Large-scale network inference with uncertainty quantification has important applications in natural, social, and medical sciences. The recent work of Fan, Fan, Han and Lv (2022) introduced a general framework of statistical inference on…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-11-02 Jianqing Fan , Yingying Fan , Jinchi Lv , Fan Yang

We develop inference procedures robust to general forms of weak dependence. The procedures utilize test statistics constructed by resampling in a manner that does not depend on the unknown correlation structure of the data. We prove that…

Econometrics · Economics 2021-08-26 Michael P. Leung

Rerandomization discards assignments with covariates unbalanced in the treatment and control groups to improve estimation and inference efficiency. However, the acceptance-rejection sampling method used in rerandomization is computationally…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-06-28 Ke Zhu , Hanzhong Liu

Analyses of cluster randomized trials (CRTs) can be complicated by informative missing outcome data. Methods such as inverse probability weighted generalized estimating equations have been proposed to account for informative missingness by…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-04-13 Chia-Rui Chang , Rui Wang

This article examines the overlooked risk of false negative errors arising from eliminations in forensic firearm comparisons. While recent reforms in forensic science have focused on reducing false positives, eliminations--often based on…

Applications · Statistics 2025-05-21 Maria Cuellar

In causal inference, we can consider a situation in which treatment on one unit affects others, i.e., interference exists. In the presence of interference, we cannot perform a classical randomization test directly because a null hypothesis…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-03-22 Mizuho Yanagi , Tomonari Sei

Standardization has been a widely adopted practice in multiple testing, for it takes into account the variability in sampling and makes the test statistics comparable across different study units. However, despite conventional wisdom to the…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-03-09 Luella Fu , Bowen Gang , Gareth M. James , Wenguang Sun

This paper introduces a likelihood ratio (LR)-type test that possesses the robustness properties of \(C(\alpha)\)-type procedures in an extremum estimation setting. The test statistic is constructed by applying separate adjustments to the…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-10-21 Jean-Marie Dufour , Purevdorj Tuvaandorj

In large scale genetic association studies, a primary aim is to test for association between genetic variants and a disease outcome. The variants of interest are often rare, and appear with low frequency among subjects. In this situation,…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-12-20 Arjun Sondhi , Kenneth Martin Rice

The indirect effect of an exposure on an outcome through an intermediate variable can be identified by a product of two regression coefficients under certain causal and regression modeling assumptions. In this context, the null hypothesis…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-07-23 Caleb H. Miles , Antoine Chambaz

We formulate nonparametric and semiparametric hypothesis testing of multivariate stationary linear time series in a unified fashion and propose new test statistics based on estimators of the spectral density matrix. The limiting…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2009-09-03 Yoshihiro Yajima , Yasumasa Matsuda

Confounding is a significant obstacle to unbiased estimation of causal effects from observational data. For settings with high-dimensional covariates -- such as text data, genomics, or the behavioral social sciences -- researchers have…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-01 Katherine A. Keith , Sergey Feldman , David Jurgens , Jonathan Bragg , Rohit Bhattacharya

We consider a class of hypothesis testing problems where the null hypothesis postulates $M$ distributions for the observed data, and there is only one possible distribution under the alternative. We show that one can use a stochastic mirror…

In modern scientific research, small-scale studies with limited participants are increasingly common. However, interpreting individual outcomes can be challenging, making it standard practice to combine data across studies using random…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-11-04 Lucas Kania , Larry Wasserman , Sivaraman Balakrishnan

This paper presents new families of Rao-type test statistics based on the minimum density power divergence estimators which provide robust generalizations for testing simple and composite null hypotheses. The asymptotic null distributions…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-08-27 Ayanendranath Basu , Abhik Ghosh , Nirian Martin , Leandro Pardo

A number of distributions that arise in statistical applications can be expressed in the form of a weighted density: the product of a base density and a nonnegative weight function. Generating variates from such a distribution may be…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-03-18 Andrew M. Raim , James A. Livsey , Kyle M. Irimata

We consider a data-driven robust hypothesis test where the optimal test will minimize the worst-case performance regarding distributions that are close to the empirical distributions with respect to the Wasserstein distance. This leads to a…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-06-01 Liyan Xie , Rui Gao , Yao Xie

In this paper, a novel test for testing whether data are Missing Completely at Random is proposed. Asymptotic properties of the test are derived utilizing the theory of non-degenerate U-statistics. It is shown that the novel test statistic…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-10-31 Danijel Aleksić

Not all experiments publish their results with a description of the correlations between the data points. This makes it difficult to do hypothesis tests or model fits with that data, since just assuming no correlation can lead to an over-…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2021-06-30 Lukas Koch