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Teaching Visual Question Answering (VQA) models to refrain from answering unanswerable questions is necessary for building a trustworthy AI system. Existing studies, though have explored various aspects of VQA but somewhat ignored this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-22 Yangyang Guo , Fangkai Jiao , Zhiqi Shen , Liqiang Nie , Mohan Kankanhalli

The complex compositional structure of language makes problems at the intersection of vision and language challenging. But language also provides a strong prior that can result in good superficial performance, without the underlying models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-04-20 Peng Zhang , Yash Goyal , Douglas Summers-Stay , Dhruv Batra , Devi Parikh

Complex Visual Question Answering (Complex VQA) tasks, which demand sophisticated multi-modal reasoning and external knowledge integration, present significant challenges for existing large vision-language models (LVLMs) often limited by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Jingwei Peng , Jiehao Chen , Mateo Alejandro Rojas , Meilin Zhang

Radiology visual question answering (RVQA) provides precise answers to questions about chest X-ray images, alleviating radiologists' workload. While recent methods based on multimodal large language models (MLLMs) and retrieval-augmented…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Ziruo Yi , Jinyu Liu , Ting Xiao , Mark V. Albert

Explainable machine learning and artificial intelligence models have been used to justify a model's decision-making process. This added transparency aims to help improve user performance and understanding of the underlying model. However,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-05-06 Mahsan Nourani , Chiradeep Roy , Tahrima Rahman , Eric D. Ragan , Nicholas Ruozzi , Vibhav Gogate

Artificial Knowledge (AK) systems are transforming decision-making across critical domains such as healthcare, finance, and criminal justice. However, their growing opacity presents governance challenges that current regulatory approaches,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Dalit Ken-Dror Feldman , Daniel Benoliel

Visual Question Answering (VQA) concerns providing answers to Natural Language questions about images. Several deep neural network approaches have been proposed to model the task in an end-to-end fashion. Whereas the task is grounded in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-02-03 Mehrdad Alizadeh , Barbara Di Eugenio

Chart question answering (CQA) is a crucial area of Visual Language Understanding. However, the robustness and consistency of current Visual Language Models (VLMs) in this field remain under-explored. This paper evaluates state-of-the-art…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Srija Mukhopadhyay , Adnan Qidwai , Aparna Garimella , Pritika Ramu , Vivek Gupta , Dan Roth

''Making black box models explainable'' is a vital problem that accompanies the development of deep learning networks. For networks taking visual information as input, one basic but challenging explanation method is to identify and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-11-10 Zhenqiang Li , Weimin Wang , Zuoyue Li , Yifei Huang , Yoichi Sato

The rapid development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has revolutionized numerous fields, with large language models (LLMs) and computer vision (CV) systems driving advancements in natural language understanding and visual processing,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-04 Yunkai Dang , Kaichen Huang , Jiahao Huo , Yibo Yan , Sirui Huang , Dongrui Liu , Mengxi Gao , Jie Zhang , Chen Qian , Kun Wang , Yong Liu , Jing Shao , Hui Xiong , Xuming Hu

Generalization in Visual Question Answering (VQA) requires models to answer questions about images with contexts beyond the training distribution. Existing attempts primarily refine unimodal aspects, overlooking enhancements in multimodal…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Trang Nguyen , Naoaki Okazaki

As AI systems are increasingly deployed to support decision-making in critical domains, explainability has become a means to enhance the understandability of these outputs and enable users to make more informed and conscious choices.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Maria J. P. Peixoto , Akriti Pandey , Ahsan Zaman , Peter R. Lewis

Visual Question Answering systems target answering open-ended textual questions given input images. They are a testbed for learning high-level reasoning with a primary use in HCI, for instance assistance for the visually impaired. Recent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-21 Theo Jaunet , Corentin Kervadec , Romain Vuillemot , Grigory Antipov , Moez Baccouche , Christian Wolf

One of the most intriguing features of the Visual Question Answering (VQA) challenge is the unpredictability of the questions. Extracting the information required to answer them demands a variety of image operations from detection and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-12-19 Peng Wang , Qi Wu , Chunhua Shen , Anton van den Hengel

Visual question answering (VQA) is challenging because it requires a simultaneous understanding of both visual content of images and textual content of questions. To support the VQA task, we need to find good solutions for the following…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-05-17 Zhou Yu , Jun Yu , Chenchao Xiang , Jianping Fan , Dacheng Tao

Vision Language Models excel in handling a wide range of complex tasks, including Optical Character Recognition (OCR), Visual Question Answering (VQA), and advanced geometric reasoning. However, these models fail to perform well on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Ayush Singh , Mansi Gupta , Shivank Garg

Despite significant progress, evaluation of explainable artificial intelligence remains elusive and challenging. In this paper we propose a fine-grained validation framework that is not overly reliant on any one facet of these…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-03-20 Kacper Sokol , Julia E. Vogt

Humans possess multimodal literacy, allowing them to actively integrate information from various modalities to form reasoning. Faced with challenges like lexical ambiguity in text, we supplement this with other modalities, such as thumbnail…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-24 Jiwan Chung , Seungwon Lim , Jaehyun Jeon , Seungbeen Lee , Youngjae Yu

Embodied Question Answering (EQA) is a recently proposed task, where an agent is placed in a rich 3D environment and must act based solely on its egocentric input to answer a given question. The desired outcome is that the agent learns to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-08-15 Cătălina Cangea , Eugene Belilovsky , Pietro Liò , Aaron Courville

Large Language Models (LLMs) have played a pivotal role in advancing Artificial Intelligence (AI). However, despite their achievements, LLMs often struggle to explain their decision-making processes, making them a 'black box' and presenting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Avash Palikhe , Zhenyu Yu , Zichong Wang , Wenbin Zhang