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The standard cosmological model, LCDM, provides an excellent fit to Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) data. However, the model has well known problems. For example, the cosmological constant, is fine-tuned to 1 part in 10^100 and the cold…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-18 T. Shanks , R. W. F. Johnson , J. A. Schewtschenko , J. R. Whitbourn

This study presents an analysis of cosmological parameters, focusing on resolving the Hubble tension and constraining neutrino masses within a coupled quintom model. By utilizing datasets from the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB), Pantheon…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-09-29 Muhammad Yarahmadi , Amin Salehi , Ameneh Tohidi

The increasing tension between the different local direct measurements of the Hubble expansion rate and that inferred from the Cosmic Microwave Background observation by $\Lambda$-Cold-Dark-Matter model could be a smoking gun of new…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-06-30 Rong-Gen Cai , Jia-Feng Ding , Zong-Kuan Guo , Shao-Jiang Wang , Wang-Wei Yu

Recent observations of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) and baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) show some tension with a $\Lambda$CDM cosmology. For one, the cosmological parameters determined by the CMB are at odds with the expansion…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-02-23 Peter W. Graham , Daniel Green , Joel Meyers

We present a full-fledged analysis of Brans-Dicke cosmology with a cosmological constant and cold dark matter (BD-$\Lambda$CDM for short). We extend the scenarios where the current cosmological value of the BD-field is restricted by the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-11-30 Joan Sola , Adria Gomez-Valent , Javier de Cruz Perez , Cristian Moreno-Pulido

The Hubble constant ($H_0$) tension is one of the biggest challenges in modern cosmology. This consists of the discrepancy, at around $5\sigma$, between the local value of $H_0$ measured through Supernovae Ia (SNe Ia) constrained with the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-01-28 Maria Giovanna Dainotti , Biagio De Simone

The $\Lambda$CDM model faces several tensions with recent cosmological data and their increased accuracy. The mismatch between the values of the Hubble constant $H_0$ obtained from direct distance ladder measurements and from the cosmic…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-05-03 Alain Blanchard , Jean-Yves Héloret , Stéphane Ilić , Brahim Lamine , Isaac Tutusaus

We combine 23 Hubble constant measurements based on Cepheids-SN Ia, TRGB-SN Ia, Miras-SN Ia, Masers, Tully Fisher, Surface Brightness Fluctuations, SN II, Time-delay Lensing, Standard Sirens and $\gamma$-ray Attenuation, obtaining our best…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-01-22 Eleonora Di Valentino

In the present work we analyze two different models of interaction between dark energy and dark matter, also known as vacuum decay models or $\Lambda(t)$CDM models. In both models, when the $H_0$ parameter is constrained by the Planck…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-07-23 L. S. Brito , J. F. Jesus , A. A. Escobal , S. H. Pereira

The `cosmic calibration tension' is a $> 5\sigma$ discrepancy between the cosmological distance ladder built from baryonic acoustic oscillations (BAO) calibrated by the Planck/$\Lambda$CDM sound horizon ($r_s$) and Type Ia supernovae (SN1a)…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-07-29 Vivian Poulin , Tristan L. Smith , Rodrigo Calderón , Théo Simon

We explore observational constraints on a cosmological model with an interaction between dark energy (DE) and dark matter (DM), using a compilation of 15 measurements of the 2D BAO (i.e., transversal) scale in combination with Planck-CMB…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-07-17 Armando Bernui , Eleonora Di Valentino , William Giarè , Suresh Kumar , Rafael C. Nunes

Cosmological measurements have revealed tensions within the standard $\Lambda$CDM model, notably discrepancies in the Hubble constant and $S_8$ parameter. A modified recombination scenario involving a time-varying electron mass has been…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-01-30 Yi-Ying Wang , Lei Lei , Shao-Peng Tang , Yi-Zhong Fan

Motivated by the current status of the cosmological observations and significant tensions in the estimated values of some key parameters assuming the standard $\Lambda$CDM model, we propose a simple but radical phenomenological emergent…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-01-14 Xiaolei Li , Arman Shafieloo

In the last years with the increasing precision in cosmological observations we have been able to establish a standard model of cosmology, the so-called $\Lambda$CDM, but also find some tensions between cosmological probes that are…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-07 Jacobo Asorey , Javier de Cruz Pérez

It is shown that the serious problem on the cosmological tension between the direct measurements of the Hubble constant at present and the constant derived from the Planck measurements of the CMB anisotropies can be solved by considering…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2017-05-09 Kenji Tomita

Measurements of the $H_0$ and $\sigma_8$ parameters within the standard cosmological model recently highlighted significant statistical tensions between the cosmic microwave background and low-redshift probes, such as local distance ladder,…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-07-26 Rocco D'Agostino , Rafael C. Nunes

The determination of the Hubble constant $H_0$ from the Cosmic Microwave Background by the Planck Collaboration [Aghanim et al. 2018] is in tension at $4.2\sigma$ with respect to the local determination of $H_0$ by the SH0ES collaboration…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-01-10 David Camarena , Valerio Marra

The standard $\Lambda$CDM model of cosmology is largely successful in describing many observations, including precise measurements of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) radiation. However, some intriguing anomalies remain currently…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-09-13 William Giarè

We apply a tension metric $Q_\textrm{UDM}$, the update difference in mean parameters, to understand the source of the difference in the measured Hubble constant $H_0$ inferred with cosmic microwave background lensing measurements from the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-02-02 W. L. Kimmy Wu , Pavel Motloch , Wayne Hu , Marco Raveri

The Hubble tension problem is one of the most significant challenges in modern cosmology. In this paper, we study the Hubble tension problem in the framework of holographic dark energy (HDE). To perform a systematic and comprehensive…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-29 Jun-Xian Li , Shuang Wang