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Optimizing the cost of evaluating a polynomial is a classic problem in computer science. For polynomials in one variable, Horner's method provides a scheme for producing a computationally efficient form. For multivariate polynomials it is…

Symbolic Computation · Computer Science 2015-06-05 J. Kuipers , J. A. M. Vermaseren , A. Plaat , H. J. van den Herik

Monte-Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) is a class of methods for solving complex decision-making problems through the synergy of Monte-Carlo planning and Reinforcement Learning (RL). The highly combinatorial nature of the problems commonly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-02-16 Tuan Dam , Carlo D'Eramo , Jan Peters , Joni Pajarinen

Classification trees continue to be widely adopted in machine learning applications due to their inherently interpretable nature and scalability. We propose a rolling subtree lookahead algorithm that combines the relative scalability of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-24 Zeynel Batuhan Organ , Enis Kayış , Taghi Khaniyev

Although RLVR has become an essential component for developing advanced reasoning skills in language models, contemporary studies have documented training plateaus after thousands of optimization steps, i.e., notable decreases in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Fang Wu , Weihao Xuan , Heli Qi , Ximing Lu , Aaron Tu , Li Erran Li , Yejin Choi

We introduce the Thresholding Monte Carlo Tree Search problem, in which, given a tree $\mathcal{T}$ and a threshold $\theta$, a player must answer whether the root node value of $\mathcal{T}$ is at least $\theta$ or not. In the given tree,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-02 Shoma Nameki , Atsuyoshi Nakamura , Junpei Komiyama , Koji Tabata

Bayesian approaches provide a principled solution to the exploration-exploitation trade-off in Reinforcement Learning. Typical approaches, however, either assume a fully observable environment or scale poorly. This work introduces the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-11-15 Sammie Katt , Frans Oliehoek , Christopher Amato

In the context of tree-search stochastic planning algorithms where a generative model is available, we consider on-line planning algorithms building trees in order to recommend an action. We investigate the question of avoiding re-planning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-14 Erwan Lecarpentier , Guillaume Infantes , Charles Lesire , Emmanuel Rachelson

Conventionally, random forests are built from "greedy" decision trees which each consider only one split at a time during their construction. The sub-optimality of greedy implementation has been well-known, yet mainstream adoption of more…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-01 Delilah Donick , Sandro Claudio Lera

Recent advances in reasoning with large language models (LLMs) have shown the effectiveness of Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) for generating high quality intermediate trajectories, particularly in math and symbolic domains. Inspired by…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Bingning Huang , Tu Nguyen , Matthieu Zimmer

A recursive tree planner (RTP) is designed to function as a pure planner without policies at one extreme and run a pure greedy policy at the other. In between, the RTP exploits policies to improve planning performance and improve zero-shot…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-05-24 A. Norman Redlich

In recent years, significant progress has been made on algorithms for learning optimal decision trees, primarily in the context of binary features. Extending these methods to continuous features remains substantially more challenging due to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Harold Kiossou , Pierre Schaus , Siegfried Nijssen

Standard planners for sequential decision making (including Monte Carlo planning, tree search, dynamic programming, etc.) are constrained by an implicit sequential planning assumption: The order in which a plan is constructed is the same in…

Recent advances in bandit tools and techniques for sequential learning are steadily enabling new applications and are promising the resolution of a range of challenging related problems. We study the game tree search problem, where the goal…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-11-07 Emilie Kaufmann , Wouter Koolen

We study how to efficiently combine formal methods, Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS), and deep learning in order to produce high-quality receding horizon policies in large Markov Decision processes (MDPs). In particular, we use model-checking…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-08-16 Debraj Chakraborty , Damien Busatto-Gaston , Jean-François Raskin , Guillermo A. Pérez

Active search for recovering objects of interest through online, adaptive decision making with autonomous agents requires trading off exploration of unknown environments with exploitation of prior observations in the search space. Prior…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Arundhati Banerjee , Jeff Schneider

The famous Policy Iteration algorithm alternates between policy improvement and policy evaluation. Implementations of this algorithm with several variants of the latter evaluation stage, e.g, $n$-step and trace-based returns, have been…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-08-01 Yonathan Efroni , Gal Dalal , Bruno Scherrer , Shie Mannor

With current state-of-the-art approaches aimed at enhancing the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models(LLMs) through iterative preference learning inspired by AlphaZero, we propose to further enhance the step-wise reasoning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Huchen Jiang , Yangyang Ma , Chaofan Ding , Kexin Luan , Xinhan Di

The most common approaches for solving stochastic resource allocation problems in the research literature is to either use value functions ("dynamic programming") or scenario trees ("stochastic programming") to approximate the impact of a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-01-06 Saeed Ghadimi , Raymond T. Perkins , Warren B. Powell

Monte-Carlo planning and Reinforcement Learning (RL) are essential to sequential decision making. The recent AlphaGo and AlphaZero algorithms have shown how to successfully combine these two paradigms in order to solve large scale…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-17 Tuan Dam , Carlo D'Eramo , Jan Peters , Joni Pajarinen

Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) is a powerful algorithm for solving complex decision-making problems. This paper presents an optimized MCTS implementation applied to the FrozenLake environment, a classic reinforcement learning task…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-26 Esteban Aldana Guerra