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When estimating the relevancy between a query and a document, ranking models largely neglect the mutual information among documents. A common wisdom is that if two documents are similar in terms of the same query, they are more likely to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-17 Shihao Zou , Zhonghua Li , Mohammad Akbari , Jun Wang , Peng Zhang

In information retrieval, learning to rank constructs a machine-based ranking model which given a query, sorts the search results by their degree of relevance or importance to the query. Neural networks have been successfully applied to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-12-12 Baiyang Wang , Diego Klabjan

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has recently demonstrated the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) in the knowledge-intensive tasks such as Question-Answering (QA). RAG expands the query context by incorporating external…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Zijian Hei , Weiling Liu , Wenjie Ou , Juyi Qiao , Junming Jiao , Guowen Song , Ting Tian , Yi Lin

Recently, pre-trained language models such as BERT have been applied to document ranking for information retrieval, which first pre-train a general language model on an unlabeled large corpus and then conduct ranking-specific fine-tuning on…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-08-13 Lin Bo , Liang Pang , Gang Wang , Jun Xu , XiuQiang He , Ji-Rong Wen

Effective long-term memory management is crucial for language models handling extended contexts. We introduce the Enhanced Ranked Memory Augmented Retrieval (ERMAR) framework, which dynamically ranks memory entries based on relevance.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Ghadir Alselwi , Hao Xue , Shoaib Jameel , Basem Suleiman , Flora D. Salim , Imran Razzak

Relevance modeling is a critical component for enhancing user experience in search engines, with the primary objective of identifying items that align with users' queries. Traditional models only rely on the semantic congruence between…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Zeyuan Chen , Haiyan Wu , Kaixin Wu , Wei Chen , Mingjie Zhong , Jia Xu , Zhongyi Liu , Wei Zhang

Question answering (QA) systems for large document collections typically use pipelines that (i) retrieve possibly relevant documents, (ii) re-rank them, (iii) rank paragraphs or other snippets of the top-ranked documents, and (iv) select…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-06-17 Dimitris Pappas , Ion Androutsopoulos

Semantic relevance judgment for search is particularly challenging in knowledge-intensive scenarios, where accurate ranking requires not only semantic matching but also background grounding, multi-step reasoning, and well-calibrated…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Hengjun Jiang , Liansheng Sun , Yan Jiang , Xiaojie Ke , Yongjin Wang , Xiangkun Liu , Cunxin Gu , Jian Xu , Guanjun Jiang

Neural networks provide new possibilities to automatically learn complex language patterns and query-document relations. Neural IR models have achieved promising results in learning query-document relevance patterns, but few explorations…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-05-23 Zhuyun Dai , Jamie Callan

Delivering superior search services is crucial for enhancing customer experience and driving revenue growth. Conventionally, search systems model user behaviors by combining user preference and query item relevance statically, often through…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Yejing Wang , Chi Zhang , Xiangyu Zhao , Qidong Liu , Maolin Wang , Xuetao Wei , Zitao Liu , Xing Shi , Xudong Yang , Ling Zhong , Wei Lin

BERT-based text ranking models have dramatically advanced the state-of-the-art in ad-hoc retrieval, wherein most models tend to consider individual query-document pairs independently. In the mean time, the importance and usefulness to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-04-20 Xiaoyang Chen , Kai Hui , Ben He , Xianpei Han , Le Sun , Zheng Ye

A recent trend in IR has been the usage of neural networks to learn retrieval models for text based adhoc search. While various approaches and architectures have yielded significantly better performance than traditional retrieval models…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-07-16 Zeon Trevor Fernando , Jaspreet Singh , Avishek Anand

Assessing relevance between a query and a document is challenging in ad-hoc retrieval due to its diverse patterns, i.e., a document could be relevant to a query as a whole or partially as long as it provides sufficient information for…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2018-05-16 Yixing Fan , Jiafeng Guo , Yanyan Lan , Jun Xu , Chengxiang Zhai , Xueqi Cheng

In light of the tremendous amount of data produced by social media, a large body of research have revisited the relevance estimation of the users' generated content. Most of the studies have stressed the multidimensional nature of relevance…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2014-09-30 Bilel Moulahi , Lynda Tamine , Sadok Ben Yahia

A large number of deep learning models have been proposed for the text matching problem, which is at the core of various typical natural language processing (NLP) tasks. However, existing deep models are mainly designed for the semantic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-02-28 Ting Zhang , Bang Liu , Di Niu , Kunfeng Lai , Yu Xu

Retrieval-Augmented Language Models (RALMs) have significantly improved performance in open-domain question answering (QA) by leveraging external knowledge. However, RALMs still struggle with unanswerable queries, where the retrieved…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-09 Seong-Il Park , Seung-Woo Choi , Na-Hyun Kim , Jay-Yoon Lee

Training Learning-to-Rank models for e-commerce product search ranking can be challenging due to the lack of a gold standard of ranking relevance. In this paper, we decompose ranking relevance into content-based and engagement-based…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Qi Liu , Atul Singh , Jingbo Liu , Cun Mu , Zheng Yan

Neural retrieval models (NRMs) have been shown to outperform their statistical counterparts owing to their ability to capture semantic meaning via dense document representations. These models, however, suffer from poor interpretability as…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-04-26 Michael Llordes , Debasis Ganguly , Sumit Bhatia , Chirag Agarwal

The ad-hoc retrieval task is to rank related documents given a query and a document collection. A series of deep learning based approaches have been proposed to solve such problem and gained lots of attention. However, we argue that they…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-02-23 Xueli Yu , Weizhi Xu , Zeyu Cui , Shu Wu , Liang Wang

Models such as latent semantic analysis and those based on neural embeddings learn distributed representations of text, and match the query against the document in the latent semantic space. In traditional information retrieval models, on…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2016-10-27 Bhaskar Mitra , Fernando Diaz , Nick Craswell