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We have studied an evolutionary game with spatially arranged players who can choose one of the two strategies (named cooperation and defection for social dilemmas) when playing with their neighbors. In addition to the application of the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2013-01-03 Gyorgy Szabo , Attila Szolnoki , Lilla Czako

Many biological and social systems show significant levels of collective action. Several cooperation mechanisms have been proposed, yet they have been mostly studied independently. Among these, direct reciprocity supports cooperation on the…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2021-04-15 Luis A. Martinez-Vaquero , Francisco C. Santos , Vito Trianni

Spatial evolutionary games provide a valuable framework for elucidating the emergence and maintenance of cooperative behavior. However, most previous studies assume that individuals are profiteers and neglect to consider the effects of…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Bin Pi , Minyu Feng , Liang-Jian Deng

The pursuit of highest payoffs in evolutionary social dilemmas is risky and sometimes inferior to conformity. Choosing the most common strategy within the interaction range is safer because it ensures that the payoff of an individual will…

Physics and Society · Physics 2014-12-23 Attila Szolnoki , Matjaz Perc

A local agglomeration of cooperators can support the survival or spreading of cooperation, even when cooperation is predicted to die out according to the replicator equation, which is often used in evolutionary game theory to study the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2009-03-06 Dirk Helbing

We study the evolutionary robustness of strategies in infinitely repeated prisoners' dilemma games in which players make mistakes with a small probability and are patient. The evolutionary process we consider is given by the replicator…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2020-08-03 Pedro Dal Bó , Enrique R. Pujals

Many mechanisms for the emergence and maintenance of altruistic behavior in social dilemma situations have been proposed. Indirect reciprocity is one such mechanism, where other-regarding actions of a player are eventually rewarded by other…

Physics and Society · Physics 2010-06-08 Akio Iwagami , Naoki Masuda

Repeated interactions are ubiquitous and known to promote social behaviour. While research often focuses on cooperation in the Prisoner's Dilemma, experimental evidence suggests repeated interactions also foster fairness. This study…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2026-04-07 Prosanta Mandal , Arunava Patra , Sagar Chakraborty

The spread of disinformation poses a significant threat to societal well-being. We analyze this phenomenon using an evolutionary game theory model of the sender-receiver game, where senders aim to mislead receivers and receivers aim to…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-05-05 Eduardo V. M. Vieira , José F. Fontanari

Prevalence of cooperation within groups of selfish individuals is puzzling in that it contradicts with the basic premise of natural selection. Favoring players with higher fitness, the latter is key for understanding the challenges faced by…

Physics and Society · Physics 2016-09-08 Matjaz Perc , Attila Szolnoki

Reputation and punishment are significant guidelines for regulating individual behavior in human society, and those with a good reputation are more likely to be imitated by others. In addition, society imposes varying degrees of punishment…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Gui Zhang , Yichao Yao , Ziyan Zeng , Minyu Feng , Manuel Chica

In this work, we analyse the relationship between heterogeneity and cooperation. Previous investigations suggest that this relation is nontrivial, as some authors found that heterogeneity sustains cooperation, while others obtained…

Physics and Society · Physics 2020-06-25 Marco A. Amaral , Marco A. Javarone

Iterated games are a fundamental component of economic and evolutionary game theory. They describe situations where two players interact repeatedly and have the possibility to use conditional strategies that depend on the outcome of…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2015-06-12 Christian Hilbe , Martin A. Nowak , Karl Sigmund

Indirect reciprocity maintains cooperation in stranger societies by mapping individual behaviors onto reputation signals via social norms. Existing theoretical frameworks assume static environments with constant resources and fixed payoff…

Physics and Society · Physics 2026-02-04 Yishen Jiang , Xin Wang , Ming Wei , Wenqiang Zhu , Longzhao Liu , Hongwei Zheng , Shaoting Tang

When group members claim a portion of limited resources, it is tempting to invest more effort to get a larger share. However, if everyone acts similarly, they all get the same piece they would obtain without extra effort. This is the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2022-06-15 Chaoqian Wang , Attila Szolnoki

We present a model that takes into account the coupling between evolutionary game dynamics and social influence. Importantly, social influence and game dynamics take place in different domains, which we model as different layers of a…

Physics and Society · Physics 2017-02-22 Roberta Amato , Albert Díaz-Guilera , Kaj-Kolja Kleineberg

The environment has a strong influence on a population's evolutionary dynamics. Driven by both intrinsic and external factors, the environment is subject to continual change in nature. To capture an ever-changing environment, we consider a…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2022-02-18 Qi Su , Alex McAvoy , Long Wang , Martin A. Nowak

We investigate the effect of randomness in both relationships and decisions on the evolution of cooperation. Simulation results show, in such randomness' presence, the system evolves to a more frequency cooperation state than in its…

Other Condensed Matter · Physics 2007-05-23 Jie Ren , Wen-Xu Wang , Feng Qi

The emergence of collective cooperation in competitive environments is a well-known phenomenon in biology, economics, and social systems. While most evolutionary game models focus on the evolution of strategies for a fixed game, how…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-08-01 Onkar Sadekar , Andrea Civilini , Jesús Gómez-Gardeñes , Vito Latora , Federico Battiston

Direct reciprocity is a wide-spread mechanism for evolution of cooperation. In repeated interactions, players can condition their behavior on previous outcomes. A well known approach is given by reactive strategies, which respond to the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Nikoleta E. Glynatsi , Martin A. Nowak , Christian Hilbe