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Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used for decision-making and planning in autonomous driving, showing promising reasoning capabilities and potential to generalize across diverse traffic situations. However, current LLM-based…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Fabian Schmidt , Noushiq Mohammed Kayilan Abdul Nazar , Markus Enzweiler , Abhinav Valada

We present an end-to-end imitation learning system for agile, off-road autonomous driving using only low-cost sensors. By imitating a model predictive controller equipped with advanced sensors, we train a deep neural network control policy…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-08-12 Yunpeng Pan , Ching-An Cheng , Kamil Saigol , Keuntaek Lee , Xinyan Yan , Evangelos Theodorou , Byron Boots

Generating context-adaptive manipulation and grasping actions is a challenging problem in robotics. Classical planning and control algorithms tend to be inflexible with regard to parameterization by external variables such as object shapes.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Tim R. Winter , Ashok M. Sundaram , Werner Friedl , Maximo A. Roa , Freek Stulp , João Silvério

Recent progress in vision-language-action (VLA) models has enabled language-conditioned driving agents to execute natural-language navigation commands in closed-loop simulation, yet standard evaluations largely assume instructions are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Kaiser Hamid , Can Cui , Nade Liang

Offline meta-RL usually tackles generalization by inferring task beliefs from high-quality samples or warmup explorations. The restricted form limits their generality and usability since these supervision signals are expensive and even…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Shilin Zhang , Zican Hu , Wenhao Wu , Xinyi Xie , Jianxiang Tang , Chunlin Chen , Daoyi Dong , Yu Cheng , Zhenhong Sun , Zhi Wang

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models for autonomous driving often hit a performance plateau during Reinforcement Learning (RL) optimization. This stagnation arises from exploration capabilities constrained by previous Supervised Fine-Tuning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Yuechen Luo , Qimao Chen , Fang Li , Shaoqing Xu , Jaxin Liu , Ziying Song , Zhi-xin Yang , Fuxi Wen

As the development of cities, traffic congestion becomes an increasingly pressing issue, and traffic prediction is a classic method to relieve that issue. Traffic prediction is one specific application of spatio-temporal prediction…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Maoxiang Sun , Weilong Ding , Tianpu Zhang , Zijian Liu , Mengda Xing

Autonomous driving involves complex decision-making in highly interactive environments, requiring thoughtful negotiation with other traffic participants. While reinforcement learning provides a way to learn such interaction behavior,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-08-16 Raphael Trumpp , Martin Büchner , Abhinav Valada , Marco Caccamo

Compared to humans, machine learning models generally require significantly more training examples and fail to extrapolate from experience to solve previously unseen challenges. To help close this performance gap, we augment single-task…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-07-27 Tailin Wu , John Peurifoy , Isaac L. Chuang , Max Tegmark

This paper addresses the challenges of training end-to-end autonomous driving agents using Reinforcement Learning (RL). RL agents are typically trained in a fixed set of scenarios and nominal behavior of surrounding road users in…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Ahmed Abouelazm , Tim Weinstein , Tim Joseph , Philip Schörner , J. Marius Zöllner

Sampling-based motion planning is a well-established approach in autonomous driving, valued for its modularity and analytical tractability. In complex urban scenarios, however, uniform or heuristic sampling often produces many infeasible or…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Korbinian Moller , Roland Stroop , Mattia Piccinini , Alexander Langmann , Johannes Betz

Predicting the trajectories of surrounding agents is still considered one of the most challenging tasks for autonomous driving. In this paper, we introduce a multi-modal trajectory prediction framework based on the transformer network. The…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Zhenning Li , Hao Yu

To further improve the learning efficiency and performance of reinforcement learning (RL), in this paper we propose a novel uncertainty-aware model-based RL (UA-MBRL) framework, and then implement and validate it in autonomous driving under…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-07-06 Jingda Wu , Zhiyu Huang , Chen Lv

Learning from Demonstration (LfD) can be an efficient way to train systems with analogous agents by enabling ``Student'' agents to learn from the demonstrations of the most experienced ``Teacher'' agent, instead of training their policy in…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Emma Clark , Kanghyun Ryu , Negar Mehr

Recent advancements in reinforcement learning (RL) demonstrate the significant potential in autonomous driving. Despite this promise, challenges such as the manual design of reward functions and low sample efficiency in complex environments…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-01-10 Zengqi Peng , Yubin Wang , Xu Han , Lei Zheng , Jun Ma

Vision-language-action (VLA) models are effective as end-to-end motion planners, but can be brittle when evaluated in closed-loop settings due to being trained under traditional imitation learning framework. Existing closed-loop supervision…

In this paper, we presented a preliminary study for tactical driver behavior detection from untrimmed naturalistic driving recordings. While supervised learning based detection is a common approach, it suffers when labeled data is scarce.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-07-04 Athma Narayanan , Yi-Ting Chen , Srikanth Malla

Although Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) and Large Language Models (LLMs) each show promise in addressing decision-making challenges in autonomous driving, DRL often suffers from high sample complexity, while LLMs have difficulty ensuring…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Chengkai Xu , Jiaqi Liu , Shiyu Fang , Yiming Cui , Dong Chen , Peng Hang , Jian Sun

Methods for learning from demonstration (LfD) have shown success in acquiring behavior policies by imitating a user. However, even for a single task, LfD may require numerous demonstrations. For versatile agents that must learn many tasks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-04 Jorge A. Mendez , Shashank Shivkumar , Eric Eaton

Achieving truly adaptive embodied intelligence requires agents that learn not just by imitating static demonstrations, but by continuously improving through environmental interaction, which is akin to how humans master skills through…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Zechen Bai , Chen Gao , Mike Zheng Shou