Related papers: Force and Hidden Momentum for Classical Microscopi…
Using realistic classical models of microscopic electric-charge electric dipoles and electric-current (Amperian) magnetic dipoles, it is proven that the Einstein-Laub macroscopic electromagnetic force on a macroscopic-continuum volume of…
Positive semi-definite expressions for the time-domain macroscopic energy density in passive, spatially nondispersive, dipolar continua are derived from the underlying microscopic Maxwell equations satisfied by classical models of discrete…
In 1967 Shockley and James addressed the situation of a magnet in an electric field. The magnet is at rest and contains electromagnetic momentum, but there was no obvious mechanical momentum to balance this for momentum conservation. They…
A new force on the magnetic dipole, which exists in the presence of both electric and magnetic fields, is described. Its origin due to the `hidden momentum', implications and possible experimental tests are discussed.
The force on electric and magnetic dipoles moving in vacuo is discussed in the general case of time-variable non-uniform fields and time-variable dipole moments, to first order in v/c and neglecting radiation reaction. Emphasis is given to…
The classical theory of electrodynamics cannot explain the existence and structure of electric and magnetic dipoles, yet it incorporates such dipoles into its fundamental equations, simply by postulating their existence and properties, just…
We use an extended version of electrodynamics, which admits the existence of magnetic charges and currents, to discuss how different models for electric and magnetic dipoles do or do not carry hidden momentum under the influence of external…
Recent proposals suggest using magnetically trapped superconducting spheres in the Meissner state to create low-loss mechanical oscillators with long coherence times. In these proposals the derivation of the force on the superconducting…
The total linear electromagnetic field momentum $\mathbf P_{\mathrm{em}}$ of a stationary electric dipole $\mathbf p$ in a static magnetic field $\mathbf B$ is considered. The expression $\mathbf P_{\mathrm{em}} = \frac12\mathbf B \times…
Nonradiating sources and anapoles are curious objects from the physics of invisibility that illuminate subtle concepts of fundamental electrodynamics and have promising applications in nanophotonics. The present work shows that a perfectly…
Starting with the most general form of Maxwell's macroscopic equations in which the free charge and free current densities, rho_free and J_free, as well as the densities of polarization and magnetization, P and M, are arbitrary functions of…
The long-standing resolution of the Abraham--Minkowski electromagnetic momentum controversy is predicated on a decomposition of the total momentum of a closed continuum electrodynamic system into separate field and matter components. Using…
It is shown, within classical mechanics, that the field of an electromagnetic vortex is capable of capturing and guiding neutral molecules endowed with a permanent electric dipole moment (PEDM). Similarly as in the case of the magnetic…
Hidden momentum is a puzzling phenomenon associated with magnetic dipoles and other extended relativistic systems. We point out that the origin of hidden momentum lies in the effective change of individual particle masses of a composite…
We describe the distribution of a charge, the electric moments of arbitrary order and the force acting on a conducting ball on the axis of the axial electric field. We determine the full charge and the dipole moments of the first order for…
That static electric and magnetic fields can store momentum may be perplexing, but is necessary to ensure total conservation of momentum. Simple situations in which such field momentum is transferred to nearby bodies and point charges have…
We obtain the fields and electromagnetic self-force of a charge distributed on the surface of a sphere undergoing rigid motion at constant proper acceleration, where the charge distribution has axial symmetry about the direction of motion.…
We consider the positions and velocities of electrons and spinning nuclei and demonstrate that these particles harbour hidden momentum when located in an electromagnetic field. This hidden momentum is present in all atoms and molecules,…
The total momentum of a thermodynamically closed system is unique, as is the total energy. Nevertheless, there is continuing confusion concerning the correct form of the momentum and the energy-momentum tensor for an electromagnetic field…
A storage ring provides an attractive option for directly measuring the electric dipole moment~(EDM) of charged particles. To reach a sensitivity of 10^-29 e x cm, it is critical to mitigate the systematic errors from all sources. This…