Related papers: Force and Hidden Momentum for Classical Microscopi…
In a continuum setting, the energy-momentum tensor embodies the relations between conservation of energy, conservation of linear momentum, and conservation of angular momentum. The well-defined total energy and the well-defined total…
The Feynman demonstration that electromagnetic field momentum is real-even for static fields-can be made more pedagogically useful by simplifying its geometry. Instead of Feynman's disk with charged balls on its surface, this article uses…
A method is presented which allows the exact construction of conserved (i.e. divergence-free) current vectors from appropriate sets of multipole moments. Physically, such objects may be taken to represent the flux of particles or electric…
While the electromagnetic force is microscopically simply the Lorentz force, its macroscopic form is more complicated, and given by expressions such as the Maxwell stress tensor and the Kelvin force. Their derivation is fairly opaque, at…
Maxwell's macroscopic equations combined with a generalized form of the Lorentz law of force are a complete and consistent set of equations. Not only are these five equations fully compatible with special relativity, they also conform with…
The interaction of the electric and magnetic dipole moments of a particle with the electromagnetic field is investigated in an approach that deals with four-dimensional (4D) geometric quantities. The new commutation relations for the 4D…
Abraham forces are defined as electromagnetic forces on neutral objects caused by the presence of slow, time-dependent, homogeneous electromagnetic fields. Only a few experimental observations have been reported, and different formulations…
The torque on a moving electric or magnetic dipole in slow motion is deduced using the Lorentz transformation of the fields to first order in v/c. It is shown that the obtained equations are independent of the model adopted for the dipole,…
Classical electrodynamics foresees that the effective interaction force between a moving charge and a magnetic dipole is modified by the time-varying total momentum of the interaction fields. We derive the equations of motion of the…
The new derivation of the equation of the spin precession is given for a particle possessing electric and magnetic dipole moments. Contributions from classical electrodynamics and from the Thomas effect are explicitly separated. A fully…
We show that attempts to modify the force on a magnetic dipole by introducing either hidden momentum or internal forces are not correct. The standard textbook result ${\bf F=\nabla(\bmu\cdot B)}$ is correct even in the presence of time…
A stationary magnetic dipole immersed in an electric field carries "hidden" mechanical momentum. However, the fate of this momentum if the fields are turned off is unclear. We consider a charge-and-dipole hidden momentum configuration, and…
One of the more profound mysteries of physics is how nature ties together EM fields to form an electron. A way to do this is examined in this study. A bare magnetic dipole containing a flux quantum spins stably, and produces an inverse…
We describe a method to calculate the electrical force acting on a sphere in a suspension of dielectric spheres in a host with a different dielectric constant, under the assumption that a spatially uniform electric field is applied. The…
Quantum electrodynamics (QED) effects may be included in physical processes of magnetar and pulsar magnetospheres with strong magnetic fields. Involving the quantum corrections, the Maxwell electrodynamics is modified to non-linear…
As an illustration of the concept of "hidden" mechanical momentum, we consider a coaxial cable one end of which is connected to a battery and the other to a load resistor. The nonzero electromagnetic momentum of this configuration is…
The axion electromagnetic anomaly induces an oscillating electric dipole for {\em any} static magnetic dipole. Static electric dipoles do not produce oscillating magnetic moments. This is a low energy theorem which is a consequence of the…
In the present work, we study the classical behavior of an electric dipole in presence of an external uniform magnetic field. We derive equations and constants of motion from the Lagrangian formulation. We obtain an infinitely periodic…
The classical theory of electromagnetism is based on Maxwell's macroscopic equations, an energy postulate, a momentum postulate, and a generalized form of the Lorentz law of force. These seven postulates constitute the foundation of a…
For an oscillating electric dipole in the shape of a small, solid, uniformly-polarized, spherical particle, we compute the self-field as well as the radiated electromagnetic field in the surrounding free space. The assumed geometry enables…