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Related papers: Bayesian Hypothesis Testing: Redux

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We investigate the discrimination of two candidates of an unknown parameter in quantum systems with continuous weak measurement, inspired by the application of hypothesis testing in distinguish-ing two Hamiltonians [Kiilerich and M{\o}lmer,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-07-24 Beili Gong , Wei Cui

We provide an introductory review of Bayesian data analytical methods, with a focus on applications for linguistics, psychology, psycholinguistics, and cognitive science. The empirically oriented researcher will benefit from making Bayesian…

Applications · Statistics 2016-12-14 Bruno Nicenboim , Shravan Vasishth

The null hypothesis test (NHT) is widely used for validating scientific hypotheses but is actually highly criticized. Although Bayesian tests overcome several criticisms, some limits remain. We propose a Bayesian two-interval test (2IT) in…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-07-06 Nicolas Meyer , Erik-André Sauleau

The aim of this article is to make a contribution to the Bayesian procedure of testing precise hypotheses for parametric models. For this purpose, we define the Bayesian Discrepancy Measure that allows one to evaluate the suitability of a…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-11-21 Francesco Bertolino , Mara Manca , Monica Musio , Walter Racugno , Laura Ventura

In the case of informative sampling the sampling scheme explicitly or implicitly depends on the response variable. As a result, the sample distribution of response variable can- not be used for making inference about the population. In this…

Applications · Statistics 2016-11-18 Anna Sikov

For hypotheses of the type H_0:theta=theta_0 vs H_1:theta ne theta_0 we demonstrate the equivalence of a Bayesian hypothesis test using a Bayes factor and the corresponding classical test, for a large class of models, which are detailed in…

Methodology · Statistics 2013-12-03 Tom Shively , Stephen Walker

Bayes factors, in many cases, have been proven to bridge the classic -value based significance testing and bayesian analysis of posterior odds. This paper discusses this phenomena within the binomial A/B testing setup (applicable for…

Other Statistics · Statistics 2019-03-04 Maciej Skorski

Bayesian statistics is concerned with conducting posterior inference for the unknown quantities in a given statistical model. Conventional Bayesian inference requires the specification of a probabilistic model for the observed data, and the…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-05-11 David T. Frazier , Christopher Drovandi , David J. Nott

The notion of confidence distributions is applied to inference about the parameter in a simple autoregressive model, allowing the parameter to take the value one. This makes it possible to compare to asymptotic approximations in both the…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-03-28 Rolf Larsson

The classical Bayesian posterior arises naturally as the unique solution of several different optimization problems, without the necessity of interpreting data as conditional probabilities and then using Bayes' Theorem. For example, the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2012-03-02 Theodore P. Hill , Marco Dall'Aglio

Loss-based updating, including generalized Bayes, Gibbs, and quasi-posteriors, replaces likelihoods by a user-chosen loss and produces a posterior-like distribution via exponential tilt. We give a decision-theoretic characterization that…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-02-03 Kenichiro McAlinn , Kōsaku Takanashi

After making some general remarks, I consider two examples that illustrate the use of Bayesian Probability Theory. The first is a simple one, the physicist's favorite "toy," that provides a forum for a discussion of the key conceptual issue…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2007-05-23 Harrison B. Prosper

When dealing with Bayesian inference the choice of the prior often remains a debatable question. Empirical Bayes methods offer a data-driven solution to this problem by estimating the prior itself from an ensemble of data. In the…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-05-13 Ilja Klebanov , Alexander Sikorski , Christof Schütte , Susanna Röblitz

The is no other model or hypothesis verification tool in Bayesian statistics that is as widely used as the Bayes factor. We focus on generative models that are likelihood-free and, therefore, render the computation of Bayes factors…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-12-30 Jungeum Kim , Veronika Rockova

In the context of testing general relativity with gravitational waves, constraints obtained with multiple events are typically combined either through a hierarchical formalism or though a combined multiplicative Bayes factor. We show that…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-08-17 Maximiliano Isi , Will M. Farr , Katerina Chatziioannou

Replication studies are essential for assessing the credibility of claims from original studies. A critical aspect of designing replication studies is determining their sample size; a too small sample size may lead to inconclusive studies…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-08-14 Samuel Pawel , Guido Consonni , Leonhard Held

A key sticking point of Bayesian analysis is the choice of prior distribution, and there is a vast literature on potential defaults including uniform priors, Jeffreys' priors, reference priors, maximum entropy priors, and weakly informative…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-11-22 Andrew Gelman , Daniel Simpson , Michael Betancourt

We study a variation of Bayesian M-ary hypothesis testing in which the test outputs a list of L candidates out of the M possible upon processing the observation. We study the minimum error probability of list hypothesis testing, where an…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-10-28 Ehsan Asadi Kangarshahi , Albert Guillen i Fabregas

Statistical hypothesis testing, as formalized by 20th Century statisticians and taught in college statistics courses, has been a cornerstone of 100 years of scientific progress. Nevertheless, the methodology is increasingly questioned in…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-08-22 Brian Dennis , Mark L Taper , José M Ponciano

This paper extends the work of Clarke [1] on the Bayesian foundations of the biomagnetic inverse problem. It derives expressions for the expectation and variance of the a posteriori source current probability distribution given a prior…

Medical Physics · Physics 2009-10-31 R. Hasson , S. J. Swithenby