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A representation of the exceptional Lie algebras is presented. It reflects a simple unifying view and it is realized in terms of Zorn-type matrices. The role of the underlying Jordan pair and Jordan algebra content is crucial in the…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-06-19 Alessio Marrani , Piero Truini

We review various properties of the exceptional Euclidean Jordan algebra of degree three. Euclidean Jordan algebras of degree three and their corresponding Freudenthal triple systems were recently shown to be intimately related to extremal…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Michael Rios

The matrix models attached to real symmetric matrices and the complex/quaternionic Hermitian matrices have been studied by many authors. These models correspond to three of the simple formally real Jordan algebras over R. Such algebras were…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-08-09 Paul E. Gunnells

I present a modified version of the Manogue-Dray-Wilson `octions' model of elementary particles, that overcomes some of the objections to that model that have been raised. In particular, I restore the compactness of the Standard Model gauge…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-07-29 Robert A. Wilson

The algebraic elements of gravitational and Standard Model gauge fields acting on a generation of fermions may be represented using real matrices. These elements match a subalgebra of spin(11,3) acting on a Majorana-Weyl spinor, consistent…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-06-28 A. Garrett Lisi

The realistic free fermionic models have had remarkable success in providing plausible explanations for various properties of the Standard Model which include the natural appearance of three generations, the explanation of the heavy top…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 Alon E. Faraggi

We elucidate the geometry of matrix models based on simple formally real Jordan algebras. Such Jordan algebras give rise to a nonassociative geometry that is a generalization of Lorentzian geometry. We emphasize constructions for the…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Michael Rios

We present an intriguing and precise interplay between algebraic geometry and the phenomenology of generations of particles. Using the electroweak sector of the MSSM as a testing ground, we compute the moduli space of vacua as an algebraic…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2014-09-01 Yang-Hui He , Vishnu Jejjala , Cyril Matti , Brent D. Nelson , Michael Stillman

We present a periodic infinite chain of finite generalisations of the exceptional structures, including the exceptional Lie algebra $\mathbf{e_8}$, the exceptional Jordan algebra (and pair) and the octonions. We will also argue on the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-05-22 Piero Truini , Alessio Marrani , Michael Rios

Let $k$ be a field of characteristic not equal to $2,3$, $\mathbb{O}$ an octonion over $k$ and $\mathcal{J}$ the exceptional Jordan algebra defined by $\mathbb{O}$. We consider the prehomogeneous vector space $(G,V)$ where $G=GE_6\times…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2016-03-03 Ryo Kato , Akihiko Yukie

Two novel frameworks for handling mathematical and physical problems are introduced. The first, the emerging Jordan form, generalizes the concept of the Jordan canonical form, a well-established tool of linear algebra. The second, dual…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2024-03-18 Lawrence Liu

We show that three generations of leptons and quarks with unbroken Standard Model gauge symmetry $SU(3)_c\times U(1)_{em}$ can be described using the algebra of complexified sedenions $\mathbb{C}\otimes\mathbb{S}$. A primitive idempotent is…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-05-31 Adam B. Gillard , Niels G. Gresnigt

There are many ways to embed the Lie groups of the Standard Model of Particle Physics in a Lie group of type $E_8$, but so far there is no convincing demonstration that the finite symmetries (and asymmetries) of weak hypercharge, three…

General Physics · Physics 2024-09-04 Robert A. Wilson

Let $M_n$ be the algebra of $n \times n$ complex matrices. We consider arbitrary subalgebras $\mathcal{A}$ of $M_n$ which contain the algebra of all upper-triangular matrices (i.e.\ block upper-triangular subalgebras), and their Jordan…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2024-10-22 Ilja Gogić , Tatjana Petek , Mateo Tomašević

We unveil the geometric nature of the multiplet of fundamental fermions in the Standard Model of fundamental particles as a noncommutative analogue of de Rham forms on the internal finite quantum space.

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2017-11-20 Ludwik Dabrowski

We propose an $E_8 \otimes E_8$ unification of the standard model with pre-gravitation, on an exceptional Lie algebra-valued space. Each of the $E_8$ has in its branching an $SU(3)$ for space-time and an $SU(3)$ for three fermion…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-07-09 Priyank Kaushik , Vatsalya Vaibhav , Tejinder P. Singh

A considerable amount of the standard model's three-generation structure can be realised from just the $8\hspace{.3mm}\mathbb{C}$-dimensional algebra of the complex octonions. Indeed, it is a little-known fact that the complex octonions can…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-10-21 N. Furey

(N=2)-superspace without torsion is described, which is equivalent to an 8-space with a discrete internal subspace. A number and a character of ties determine now an internal symmetry group, while in the supersymmetrical models this one is…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Michael A. Ivanov

The three-dimensional complexified exteriour bundle $C \otimes \Lambda(R^3)$ is proposed as a geometric interpretation of electroweak doublets of Dirac fermions. The Dirac equation on this bundle allows a staggered discretization on a…

General Physics · Physics 2012-11-09 I. Schmelzer

The Jacobson Coordinatization Theorem describes the structure of unitary Jordan algebras containing the algebra $H_n(F)$ of symmetric nxn matrices over a field F with the same identity element, for $n\geq 3$. In this paper we extend the…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2024-02-21 Jesús Laliena , Victor López Solís , Ivan Shestakov