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Recently, a novel direct counterfactual quantum communication protocol was proposed using chained quantum Zeno effect. We found that this protocol is far from being widely used in practical channels, due to the side effect of 'chained',…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-06 Sheng Zhang , Bo Zhang , Xing-tong Liu

It has long been assumed in physics that for information to travel between two parties in empty space, "Alice" and "Bob", physical particles have to travel between them. Here, using the "chained" quantum Zeno effect, we show how, in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-04-25 Hatim Salih , Zheng-Hong Li , M. Al-Amri , M. Suhail Zubairy

The classical theories of communication rely on the assumption that there has to be a flow of particles from Bob to Alice in order for him to send a message to her. We develop a quantum protocol that allows Alice to perceive Bob's message…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-05-17 David Roland Miran Arvidsson-Shukur , Crispin Henry William Barnes

The quantum Zeno effect, which inhibits quantum state evolution via repeated weak measurements, significantly enhances the efficiency of interaction-free measurement (IFM). This fundamental mechanism facilitates high-efficiency…

Intuition from our everyday lives gives rise to the belief that information exchanged between remote parties is carried by physical particles. Surprisingly, in a recent theoretical study [Salih H, Li ZH, Al-Amri M, Zubairy MS (2013) Phys…

Quantum teleportation circumvents the uncertainty principle using dual channels: a quantum one consisting of previously-shared entanglement, and a classical one, together allowing the disembodied transport of an unknown quantum state over…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-06-14 Hatim Salih

Counterfactual quantum communication is one of the most interesting facets of quantum communication, allowing two parties to communicate without any transmission of quantum or classical particles between the parties involved in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-01 Aakash Warke , Kishore Thapliyal , Anirban Pathak

Possibility to communicate between spatially separated regions, without even a single photon passing between the two parties, is an amazing quantum phenomenon. The possibility of transmitting one value of a bit in such a way, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-01-23 Yakir Aharonov , Lev Vaidman

We report an experimental realization of a modified counterfactual communication protocol that eliminates the dominant environmental trace left by photons passing through the transmission channel. Compared to Wheeler's criterion for…

It has been conjectured that counterfactual communication is impossible, even for post-selected quantum particles. We strongly challenge this by proposing precisely such a counterfactual scheme where -- unambiguously -- none of Alice's…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-19 Hatim Salih , Will McCutcheon , Jonte Hance , John Rarity

The direct counterfactual quantum communication protocol involving double chained Mach-Zehnder interferometers requires a single photon input. Here, we show that even with multiphoton light sources, including a strong coherent light source…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-05 Zheng-Hong Li , Shang-Yue Feng , M. Al-Amri , M. Suhail Zubairy

We demonstrate quantum information can be transferred between two distant participants without any physical particles travelling between them. The key procedure of the counterfactual scheme is to entangle two nonlocal qubits with each other…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-04-28 Qi Guo , Liu-Yong Cheng , Li Chen , Hong-Fu Wang , Shou Zhang

Counterfactual communication, i.e., communication without particle travelling in the transmission channel, is a bizarre quantum effect. Starting from interaction-free measurements many protocols achieving various tasks from counterfactual…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-06-05 Lev Vaidman

We explore a counterfactual protocol for energy transfer. A modified version of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer dissociates a photon's position and energy into separate channels, resulting in a photoelectric effect in one channel without the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-11-12 A. Ludu , J. A. Morris , C. Rugina

Distributed computing is a fastest growing field -- enabling virtual computing, parallel computing, and distributed storage. By exploiting the counterfactual techniques, we devise a distributed blind quantum computation protocol to perform…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-18 Fakhar Zaman , Hyundong Shin , Moe Z. Win

In his Comment on our recent paper ``The laws of physics do not prohibit counterfactual communication'', \textit{npj Quantum Information} (2022) 8:60, Popescu argues that the claims of the paper are invalid. Here, we refute his argument,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-29 Hatim Salih , Jonte R. Hance , Will McCutcheon , John Rarity

We revisit the "counterfactual quantum communication" of Salih et al. [1], who claim that an observer "Bob" can send one bit of information to a second observer "Alice" without any physical particle traveling between them. We show that a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-02-03 Yakir Aharonov , Daniel Rohrlich

A recent quantum protocol for counterfactual communication [Y. Aharonov and L. Vaidman, Phys. Rev. A 99, 010103(R), 2019] relies on post-selection to eliminate the weak trace in the transmission channel. We show that the post-selection in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-06-19 David R. M. Arvidsson-Shukur , Crispin H. W. Barnes

In counterfactual QKD information is transfered, in a secure way, between Alice and Bob even when no particle carrying the information is in fact transmitted between them. In this letter we fully implement the scheme for counterfactual QKD…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-12-20 Giorgio Brida , Andrea Cavanna , Ivo Pietro Degiovanni , Marco Genovese , Paolo Traina

Quantum Counterfactual Communication is the recently-proposed idea of using quantum physics to send messages between two parties, without any matter/energy transfer associated with the bits sent. While this has excited massive interest,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-02-08 Jonte R. Hance , James Ladyman , John Rarity
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