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The evolution of molecular clouds in galactic centres is thought to differ from that in galactic discs due to a significant influence of the external gravitational potential. We present a set of numerical simulations of molecular clouds…

Characterizing prestellar cores in star-forming regions is an important step towards the validation of theoretical models of star formation. Thanks to their sub-arcsecond resolution, ALMA observations can potentially provide samples of…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-05-05 Paolo Padoan , Veli-Matti Pelkonen , Mika Juvela , Troels Haugbølle , Åke Nordlund

Star formation in our Galaxy occurs in molecular clouds that are self-gravitating, highly turbulent, and magnetized. We study the conditions under which cloud cores inherit large-scale magnetic field morphologies and how the field is…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2017-03-29 Philip Mocz , Blakesley Burkhart , Lars Hernquist , Chris McKee , Volker Springel

Properties of candidate stars, forming out of molecular clouds, depend on the ambient conditions of the parent cloud. We present a series of 2D and 3D simulations of fragmentation of molecular clouds in starburst regions as well as clouds…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2014-11-20 S. Hocuk , M. Spaans

Super-sonic turbulence fragments molecular clouds (MC) into a very complex density field with density contrasts of several orders of magnitude. A fraction of the gas is locked into dense and gravitationally bound cores, which collapse as…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Paolo Padoan , AAke Nordlund , Ornolfur Einar Rognvaldsson , Alyssa Goodman

The study of protostellar collapse or infall has proven unusually difficult and controversial. Some historical context will be provided, against which recent advances can be measured. We now have a substantial number of objects with…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 N. J. Evans

We investigate the formation of circumstellar disks and outflows subsequent to the collapse of molecular cloud cores with the magnetic field and turbulence. Numerical simulations are performed by using an adaptive mesh refinement to follow…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2017-04-26 Tomoaki Matsumoto , Masahiro N. Machida , Shu-ichiro Inutsuka

We investigated the formation of arc-like structures in the infalling envelope around protostars, motivated by the recent Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array (ALMA) observations of the high-density molecular cloud core,…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-23 Tomoaki Matsumoto , Toshikazu Onishi , Kazuki Tokuda , Shu-ichiro Inutsuka

Redshifted self-absorption features in molecular lines are commonly interpreted as signatures of gravitational collapse in pre- and protostellar cores. The shape of the line profile then encodes information on the dynamics of the collapse.…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-10-01 Lillian Y. Cai , Felix D. Priestley , Sarah E. Ragan

We present a catalogue of molecular cloud cores drawn from high latitude, medium opacity clouds, using the all-sky IRAS Sky Survey Atlas (ISSA) images at 60 and 100~$\mu$m. The typical column densities of the cores are $ N(H_2)\sim 3.8…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 N. E. Jessop , D. Ward-Thompson

Turbulence influences the structure and dynamics of molecular clouds, and plays a key role in regulating star formation. We therefore need methods to accurately infer turbulence properties of molecular clouds from position-position-velocity…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-09-12 Jayashree Narayan , Aris Tritsis , Christoph Federrath

Recent observations of protostellar cores suggest that most of the material in the protostellar phase is accreted along streamers. Streamers in this context are defined as velocity coherent funnels of denser material potentially connecting…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-06-19 Stefan Heigl , Elena Hoemann , Andreas Burkert

We present a detailed computational study of the assembly of protostellar disks and massive stars in molecular clouds with supersonic turbulence. We follow the evolution of large scale filamentary structures in a cluster-forming clump down…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 Robi Banerjee , Ralph E. Pudritz , Dave W. Anderson

We investigate the evolution of molecular clouds through the kinematics of their atomic hydrogen (HI) envelopes, using $^{12}\mathrm{CO}$ and 21-cm emission to trace the molecular and atomic gas, respectively. We measure the large-scale…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-02-03 Thummim Mekuria , Nia Imara

We study the structure and evolution of the very early protostellar disk (``protodisk'') just after protostar formation, where disk self-gravity dominates and the stellar contribution is dynamically minor. The disk redistributes angular…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2026-02-05 Majd Noel , Rahul Khanna , Shahram Abbassi , Sami Dib , Shantanu Basu

Supersonic turbulence in molecular clouds is a dominant agent that strongly affects the clouds' evolution and star formation activity. Turbulence may be initiated and maintained by a number of processes, acting at a wide range of physical…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2014-11-20 C. M. Brunt , M. H. Heyer , M. -M. Mac Low

We investigate the formation of protostellar clusters during the collapse of dense molecular cloud cores with a focus on the evolution of potential and kinetic energy, the degree of substructure, and the early phase of mass segregation. Our…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-03 Philipp Girichidis , Christoph Federrath , Richard Allison , Robi Banerjee , Ralf Klessen

We present results from the first three-dimensional calculations ever to follow the collapse of a molecular cloud core (~ 10^{-18} g cm^{-3}) to stellar densities (> 0.01 g cm^{-3}). The calculations resolve structures over 7 orders of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 Matthew R. Bate

Observations of magnetic field strengths imply that molecular cloud fragments are individually close to being in a magnetically critical state, even though both magnetic field and column density measurements range over two orders of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Shantanu Basu

We have developed a modified form of the equations of smoothed particle magnetohydrodynamics which are stable in the presence of very steep density gradients. Using this formalism, we have performed simulations of the collapse of magnetised…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2018-03-29 Benjamin T. Lewis , Matthew R. Bate , Daniel J. Price
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