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Advances in intelligent game playing agents have led to successes in perfect information games like Go and imperfect information games like Poker. The Information Set Monte Carlo Tree Search (ISMCTS) family of algorithms outperforms…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-05-15 Jack Reinhardt

One of the most important AI research questions is to trade off computation versus performance since ``perfect rationality" exists in theory but is impossible to achieve in practice. Recently, Monte-Carlo tree search (MCTS) has attracted…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Weirui Ye , Pieter Abbeel , Yang Gao

We explore how a general AI algorithm can be used for 3D scene understanding to reduce the need for training data. More exactly, we propose a modification of the Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) algorithm to retrieve objects and room layouts…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-06 Shreyas Hampali , Sinisa Stekovic , Sayan Deb Sarkar , Chetan Srinivasa Kumar , Friedrich Fraundorfer , Vincent Lepetit

Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) is a sampling best-first method to search for optimal decisions. The MCTS's popularity is based on its extraordinary results in the challenging two-player based game Go, a game considered much harder than…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-12-21 Edgar Galván , Gavin Simpson

Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) is particularly adapted to domains where the potential actions can be represented as a tree of sequential decisions. For an effective action selection, MCTS performs many simulations to build a reliable tree…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-09-10 Seydou Ba , Takuya Hiraoka , Takashi Onishi , Toru Nakata , Yoshimasa Tsuruoka

In this research, we investigate the possibility of applying a search strategy to genetic algorithms to explore the entire genetic tree structure. Several methods aid in performing tree searches; however, simpler algorithms such as…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-08-10 Akshay Hebbar

Strategy card game is a well-known genre that is demanding on the intelligent game-play and can be an ideal test-bench for AI. Previous work combines an end-to-end policy function and an optimistic smooth fictitious play, which shows…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Changnan Xiao , Yongxin Zhang , Xuefeng Huang , Qinhan Huang , Jie Chen , Peng Sun

In many problem settings, most notably in game playing, an agent receives a possibly delayed reward for its actions. Often, those rewards are handcrafted and not naturally given. Even simple terminal-only rewards, like winning equals 1 and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-12-09 Tobias Joppen , Johannes Fürnkranz

We consider the popular tree-based search strategy within the framework of reinforcement learning, the Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS), in the context of finite-horizon Markov decision process. We propose a dynamic sampling tree policy that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Gongbo Zhang , Yijie Peng , Yilong Xu

This article presents MCTS-BN, an adaptation of the Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) algorithm for the structural learning of Bayesian Networks (BNs). Initially designed for game tree exploration, MCTS has been repurposed to address the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Jorge D. Laborda , Pablo Torrijos , José M. Puerta , José A. Gámez

In many games, moves consist of several decisions made by the player. These decisions can be viewed as separate moves, which is already a common practice in multi-action games for efficiency reasons. Such division of a player move into a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-12-16 Jakub Kowalski , Maksymilian Mika , Wojciech Pawlik , Jakub Sutowicz , Marek Szykuła , Mark H. M. Winands

This work investigates the Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) method combined with dedicated heuristics for solving the Weighted Vertex Coloring Problem. In addition to the basic MCTS algorithm, we study several MCTS variants where the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Cyril Grelier , Olivier Goudet , Jin-Kao Hao

We propose Monte Carlo Permutation Search (MCPS), a general-purpose Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) algorithm that improves upon the GRAVE algorithm. MCPS is relevant when deep reinforcement learning is not an option or when the computing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Tristan Cazenave

In recent years, Monte Carlo tree search (MCTS) has achieved widespread adoption within the game community. Its use in conjunction with deep reinforcement learning has produced success stories in many applications. While these approaches…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Kimiya Saadat , Richard Zhao

Monte-Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) is a fundamental sampling-based search algorithm widely used for online planning in sequential decision-making domains. Despite its success in driving recent advances in artificial intelligence, understanding…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Yiyu Qian , Liyuan Zhao , Tim Miller

Monte-Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) is a powerful tool for many non-differentiable search related problems such as adversarial games. However, the performance of such approach highly depends on the order of the nodes that are considered at each…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-28 Mehraveh Javan Roshtkhari , Matthew Toews , Marco Pedersoli

Traditional search algorithms have issues when applied to games of imperfect information where the number of possible underlying states and trajectories are very large. This challenge is particularly evident in trick-taking card games.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Douglas Rebstock , Christopher Solinas , Nathan R. Sturtevant , Michael Buro

Planning under social interactions with other agents is an essential problem for autonomous driving. As the actions of the autonomous vehicle in the interactions affect and are also affected by other agents, autonomous vehicles need to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-07-11 Chenran Li , Tu Trinh , Letian Wang , Changliu Liu , Masayoshi Tomizuka , Wei Zhan

Monte-Carlo tree search (MCTS) is an effective anytime algorithm with a vast amount of applications. It strategically allocates computational resources to focus on promising segments of the search tree, making it a very attractive search…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Cedric Derstroff , Jannis Brugger , Jannis Blüml , Mira Mezini , Stefan Kramer , Kristian Kersting

In games like chess, strategy evolves dramatically across distinct phases - the opening, middlegame, and endgame each demand different forms of reasoning and decision-making. Yet, many modern chess engines rely on a single neural network to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Felix Helfenstein , Johannes Czech , Jannis Blüml , Max Eisel , Kristian Kersting