Related papers: Random field theory-based p-values: A review of th…
Sequential monitoring of randomized trials traditionally relies on parametric assumptions or asymptotic approximations. We discuss a family of nonparametric sequential tests - collectively called e-RT - for binary, event-only, and…
Hypothesis testing is a central statistical method in psychology and the cognitive sciences. However, the problems of null hypothesis significance testing (NHST) and p-values have been debated widely, but few attractive alternatives exist.…
Null hypothesis statistical significance testing (NHST) is the dominant approach for evaluating results from randomized controlled trials. Whereas NHST comes with long-run error rate guarantees, its main inferential tool -- the $p$-value --…
Likelihood ratio tests are a widely used method in global analyses in particle physics. The computation of the statistical significance (p-value) of these tests is usually done with a simple formula that relies on Wilks' theorem. There are,…
The notion of p-value is a fundamental concept in statistical inference and has been widely used for reporting outcomes of hypothesis tests. However, p-value is often misinterpreted, misused or miscommunicated in practice. Part of the issue…
Multivariate analysis of fMRI data has benefited substantially from advances in machine learning. Most recently, a range of probabilistic latent variable models applied to fMRI data have been successful in a variety of tasks, including…
Based on the idea of randomizing the traditional space theory of functional analysis, random functional analysis has been developed as functional analysis over random metric spaces, random normed modules and random locally convex modules.…
The standard approach to the analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI) data applies various preprocessing steps to the original FMRI. These preprocessings lead to a general underestimation of residual variance in the…
The most widely used task fMRI analyses use parametric methods that depend on a variety of assumptions. While individual aspects of these fMRI models have been evaluated, they have not been evaluated in a comprehensive manner with empirical…
Ensuring the long-term reproducibility of data analyses requires results stability tests to verify that analysis results remain within acceptable variation bounds despite inevitable software updates and hardware evolutions. This paper…
Hypothesis testing is a central statistical method in psychological research and the cognitive sciences. While the problems of null hypothesis significance testing (NHST) have been debated widely, few attractive alternatives exist. In this…
In modern multiple hypothesis testing, the availability of covariate information alongside the primary test statistics has motivated the development of more powerful and adaptive inference methods. However, most existing approaches rely on…
In recent years there has been explosive growth in the number of neuroimaging studies performed using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI). The field that has grown around the acquisition and analysis of fMRI data is intrinsically…
We propose a set of goodness-of-fit tests for the semiparametric accelerated failure time (AFT) model, including an omnibus test, a link function test, and a functional form test. This set of tests is derived from a multi-parameter…
Significance testing based on p-values has been implicated in the reproducibility crisis in scientific research, with one of the proposals being to eliminate them in favor of Bayesian analyses. Defenders of the p-values have countered that…
The randomized $p$-value, (nonrandomized) mid-$p$-value and abstract randomized $p$-value have all been recommended for testing a null hypothesis whenever the test statistic has a discrete distribution. This paper provides a unifying…
Functional MRI (fMRI) is crucial for studying brain function and diagnosing neurological disorders. However, existing analysis methods suffer from reproducibility and transferability challenges due to complex preprocessing pipelines and…
The Fisher randomization test (FRT) is appropriate for any test statistic, under a sharp null hypothesis that can recover all missing potential outcomes. However, it is often sought after to test a weak null hypothesis that the treatment…
P-values are widely used in both the social and natural sciences to quantify the statistical significance of observed results. The recent surge of big data research has made the p-value an even more popular tool to test the significance of…
Historically, applications of RFT in fMRI have relied on assumptions of smoothness, stationarity and Gaussianity. The first two assumptions have been addressed in Part 1 of this article series. Here we address the severe non-Gaussianity of…