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We present a theoretical study of the director fields and energetics of nematic liquid crystal shells with two pairs of surface defects. The pairs of defects can undergo abrupt transitions between a configuration of maximum separation to at…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2012-11-21 V. Koning , T. Lopez-Leon , A. Fernandez-Nieves , V. Vitelli

We describe the geometry of bend distortions in twist-bend nematic liquid crystals in terms of their fundamental degeneracies, which we call $\beta$ lines. These represent a new class of line-like topological defect. We use them to…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2020-07-29 Jack Binysh , Joseph Pollard , Gareth P. Alexander

We propose that the spin glass phase of cuprates is due to the proliferation of topological defects of a spiral distortion of the antiferromagnet order. Our theory explains straightforwardly the simultaneous existence of short range…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2009-10-31 N. Hasselmann , A. H. Castro Neto , C. Morais Smith

An elastic quartic twist theory has recently been proposed for chromonic liquid crystals, intended to overcome the paradoxical conclusions encountered by the classical Oseen-Frank theory when applied to droplets submerged in an isotropic…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2023-01-23 Silvia Paparini , Epifanio G. Virga

We characterise the particlelike kinematics of charge-carrying topological defects in nematic media via a geometric field theory. This differs from the theory of electromagnetism, with which it is often compared, due to the absence of…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2026-05-22 Joseph Pollard , Richard G. Morris

The work is devoted to the self-action of laser beams propagating in the isotropic phase of a cholesteric liquid crystal near the transition temperature to the mesophase in a wide range of parameter values characterizing the nonlocality of…

Optics · Physics 2021-09-29 G. M. Shishkov , K. S. Grigoriev , V. A. Makarov

We consider a smectic-A* in a capillary with surface anchoring that favors parallel alignment. If the bulk phase of the smectic is the standard twist-grain-boundary phase of chiral smectics, then there will be a critical radius below which…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2008-02-03 Randall D. Kamien , Thomas R. Powers

Liquid crystal mesophases of achiral molecules are normally achiral, yet in a few materials they spontaneously segregate and form right- and left-handed chiral domains. One mechanism that drives chiral segregation is molecular shape…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2026-01-16 Matthew J. Deutsch , Robin L. B. Selinger , Paul van der Schoot

We carry out Monte Carlo simulations on fluid membranes with orientational order and multiple edges in the presence and absence of external forces. The membrane resists bending and has an edge tension, the orientational order couples with…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2023-11-01 Lijie Ding , Robert A. Pelcovits , Thomas R. Powers

Chromonic liquid crystals (CLCs) are lyotropic materials which are attracting growing interest for their adaptability to living systems. A considerable body of works has been devoted to exploring their properties and applications. In this…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-09-04 Silvia Paparini

Chirality, the lack of inversion symmetry, is a geometrical property critical to chemistry, biology and material sciences. In the three-dimensional Euclidean space $\mathbb{R}^3$ chriality can ususally be characterized with four-point…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2021-03-25 Haina Wang

Topological defects are found in a variety of systems, and their existence are robust under perturbations due to their topological nature. Here we introduce a new type of topological defects found in electromagnetic waves: topological spin…

Optics · Physics 2022-10-18 Haiwen Wang , Charles C. Wojcik , Shanhui Fan

The molecules in lyotropic membranes are typically aligned with the surface normal. When these molecules are chiral, there is a tendency for the molecular direction to twist. These competing effects can reach a compromise by producing…

Condensed Matter · Physics 2009-10-28 Randall D. Kamien , T. C. Lubensky

Molecular chirality plays an important role in chemistry and biology, allows control of biological interactions, affects drugs efficacy and safety, and promotes synthesis of new materials. In general, chirality manifests itself in optical…

Optics · Physics 2026-04-10 Yuanyang Xie , Alexey V. Krasavin , Anatoly V. Zayats

Disclination lines in nematic liquid crystals can exist in different geometric conformations, characterised by their director profile. In certain confined, colloidal and even more prominently in chiral nematics, the director profile may…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2015-06-12 Simon Čopar , Slobodan Žumer

Cholesteric Liquid Crystals (CLCs), subject to externally applied magnetic fields and confined between two parallel planar surfaces with strong homeotropic anchoring conditions, are found to undergo transitions to different types of…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2019-11-28 G. De Matteis , L. Martina , C. Naya , V. Turco

Many solid materials and liquid crystals exhibit geometric frustration, meaning that they have an ideal local structure that cannot fill up space. For that reason, the global phase must be a compromise between the ideal local structure and…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-07-08 Cheng Long , Jonathan V. Selinger

This letter presents a theory on the coalescence of two spherical liquid droplets that are initially stationary. The evolution of the radius of a liquid neck formed upon coalescence was formulated as an initial value problem and then solved…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2019-06-13 Xi Xia , Chengming He , Peng Zhang

This letter presents a scaling theory of the coalescence of two viscous spherical droplets. An initial value problem was formulated and analytically solved for the evolution of the radius of a liquid neck formed upon droplet coalescence.…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2018-12-31 Xi Xia , Chengming He , Peng Zhang

We study the shape and texture of finite domains comprising chiral/achiral molecules carrying a tilt field embedded in a 2-dimensional surface. Using a combination of simulations and {\it exact} variational calculations, we determine the…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2007-05-23 Sarasij R. C. , Madan Rao