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Variational quantum algorithm (VQA), which is comprised of a classical optimizer and a parameterized quantum circuit, emerges as one of the most promising approaches for harvesting the power of quantum computers in the noisy intermediate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-01 Samuel Stein , Yufei Ding , Nathan Wiebe , Bo Peng , Karol Kowalski , Nathan Baker , James Ang , Ang Li

In this work we introduce Qumin, a novel quantum programming language with a focus on providing an easy to use, minimalist, high-level, and easily extensible platform for quantum programming. Qumin's design concentrates on encompassing the…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2017-04-17 Alexander Singh , Konstantinos Giannakis , Theodore Andronikos

We introduce an open source software package UniversalQCompiler written in Mathematica that allows the decomposition of arbitrary quantum operations into a sequence of single-qubit rotations (with arbitrary rotation angles) and…

We present a new quantum programming language called "Quala" that enables true full-stack programming of quantum hardware. Quala allows seamless integration of abstraction layers such as the digital circuit layer and the analog control…

Variational Quantum Algorithms (VQA) have emerged with a wide variety of applications. One question to ask is either they can efficiently be implemented and executed on existing architectures. Current hardware suffers from uncontrolled…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-26 Anne-Solène Bornens , Michel Nowak

Realizing the full potential of quantum computing requires large-scale quantum computers capable of running quantum error correction (QEC) to mitigate hardware errors and maintain quantum data coherence. While quantum computers operate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-11 Chaithanya Naik Mude , Satvik Maurya , Benjamin Lienhard , Swamit Tannu

A medium-scale quantum computer with full universal quantum computing capability is necessary for various practical aims and testing applications. Here we report a 34-qubit quantum virtual machine (QtVM) based on a medium server. Our QtVM…

Quantum information science and engineering (QISE) is a rapidly developing field that leverages the skills of experts from many disciplines to utilize the potential of quantum systems in a variety of applications. It requires talent from a…

Physics Education · Physics 2024-08-12 Peter Hu , Yangqiuting Li , Chandralekha Singh

Quantum computing is being increasingly adopted for solving classically intractable problems across various domains. However, the availability of accessible and scalable software frameworks remains essential for practical experimentation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-19 Param Pathak , K Tarakeshwar , Syed Sufiyan Ali , Shalini Devendrababu , Adarsh Ganesan

As quantum algorithms and hardware continue to evolve, ensuring the correctness of the quantum software stack (QSS) has become increasingly important. However, testing QSSes remains challenging due to the oracle problem, i.e., the lack of a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Junjie Luo , Shangzhou Xia , Fuyuan Zhang , Jianjun Zhao

Quantum computation constitutes a rapidly expanding subfield of computer science. Development quantum algorithms is facilitated by the availability of efficient quantum programming languages, and a plethora of approaches has been already…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-03-19 Arnab Chakraborty

Quantum computing is increasingly practiced through programming, yet most educational offerings emphasize algorithmic or framework-level use rather than software engineering concerns such as testing, abstraction, tooling, and lifecycle…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Andriy Miranskyy

Most quantum computers today are constrained by hardware limitations, particularly the number of available qubits, causing significant challenges for executing large-scale quantum algorithms. Circuit cutting has emerged as a key technique…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Mar Tejedor , Berta Casas , Javier Conejero , Alba Cervera-Lierta , Rosa M. Badia

The field of quantum algorithms is vibrant. Still, there is currently a lack of programming languages for describing quantum computation on a practical scale, i.e., not just at the level of toy problems. We address this issue by introducing…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2013-07-08 Alexander S. Green , Peter LeFanu Lumsdaine , Neil J. Ross , Peter Selinger , Benoît Valiron

Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) are expected to be a path to quantum advantages on noisy intermediate-scale quantum devices. However, both empirical and theoretical results exhibit that the deployed ansatz heavily affects the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-31 Yuxuan Du , Tao Huang , Shan You , Min-Hsiu Hsieh , Dacheng Tao

Powerful hardware services and software libraries are vital tools for quickly and affordably designing, testing, and executing quantum algorithms. A robust large-scale study of how the performance of these platforms scales with the number…

The assumption of maximum parallelism support for the successful realization of scalable quantum computers has led to homogeneous, ``sea-of-qubits'' architectures. The resulting architectures overcome the primary challenges of reliability…

A quantum operating system (QCOS) is a classic software running on classic hardware. The QCOS is preparing, starting, controlling and managing quantum computations. The reliable execution of fault-tolerant quantum computations will require…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-18 Alexandru Paler

The rapid development of quantum computing (QC) in the NISQ era urgently demands a low-level benchmark suite and insightful evaluation metrics for characterizing the properties of prototype NISQ devices, the efficiency of QC programming…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-10 Ang Li , Samuel Stein , Sriram Krishnamoorthy , James Ang

Quantum computing is a rapidly emerging and promising field that has the potential to revolutionize numerous research domains, including drug design, network technologies and sustainable energy. Due to the inherent complexity and divergence…