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Non-autoregressive models generate target words in a parallel way, which achieve a faster decoding speed but at the sacrifice of translation accuracy. To remedy a flawed translation by non-autoregressive models, a promising approach is to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-27 Pan Xie , Zhi Cui , Xiuyin Chen , Xiaohui Hu , Jianwei Cui , Bin Wang

While end-to-end neural machine translation (NMT) has made remarkable progress recently, it still suffers from the data scarcity problem for low-resource language pairs and domains. In this paper, we propose a method for zero-resource NMT…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-05-03 Yun Chen , Yang Liu , Yong Cheng , Victor O. K. Li

Context-aware neural machine translation (NMT) is a promising direction to improve the translation quality by making use of the additional context, e.g., document-level translation, or having meta-information. Although there exist various…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-20 Jingjing Huo , Christian Herold , Yingbo Gao , Leonard Dahlmann , Shahram Khadivi , Hermann Ney

Neural Machine Translation (NMT) has become the new state-of-the-art in several language pairs. However, it remains a challenging problem how to integrate NMT with a bilingual dictionary which mainly contains words rarely or never seen in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-10-25 Jiajun Zhang , Chengqing Zong

Despite increasing instances of machine translation (MT) systems including contextual information, the evidence for translation quality improvement is sparse, especially for discourse phenomena. Popular metrics like BLEU are not expressive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-01 Prathyusha Jwalapuram , Barbara Rychalska , Shafiq Joty , Dominika Basaj

While most neural machine translation (NMT) systems are still trained using maximum likelihood estimation, recent work has demonstrated that optimizing systems to directly improve evaluation metrics such as BLEU can substantially improve…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-17 John Wieting , Taylor Berg-Kirkpatrick , Kevin Gimpel , Graham Neubig

Automatic evaluation of machine translation (MT) is a critical tool driving the rapid iterative development of MT systems. While considerable progress has been made on estimating a single scalar quality score, current metrics lack the…

We introduce the metric using BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers) (Devlin et al., 2019) for automatic machine translation evaluation. The experimental results of the WMT-2017 Metrics Shared Task dataset show that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-07-31 Hiroki Shimanaka , Tomoyuki Kajiwara , Mamoru Komachi

We present MLQE-PE, a new dataset for Machine Translation (MT) Quality Estimation (QE) and Automatic Post-Editing (APE). The dataset contains eleven language pairs, with human labels for up to 10,000 translations per language pair in the…

Direct neural machine translation (direct NMT) is a type of NMT system that translates text between two non-English languages. Direct NMT systems often face limitations due to the scarcity of parallel data between non-English language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Isidora Chara Tourni , Subhajit Naskar

In the field of machine learning, the well-trained model is assumed to be able to recover the training labels, i.e. the synthetic labels predicted by the model should be as close to the ground-truth labels as possible. Inspired by this, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-30 Lei Zhou , Liang Ding , Kevin Duh , Shinji Watanabe , Ryohei Sasano , Koichi Takeda

Despite the progress in machine translation quality estimation and evaluation in the last years, decoding in neural machine translation (NMT) is mostly oblivious to this and centers around finding the most probable translation according to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-03 Patrick Fernandes , António Farinhas , Ricardo Rei , José G. C. de Souza , Perez Ogayo , Graham Neubig , André F. T. Martins

Multilingual machine translation (MT) benchmarks play a central role in evaluating the capabilities of modern MT systems. Among them, the FLORES+ benchmark is widely used, offering English-to-many translation data for over 200 languages,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Chihiro Taguchi , Seng Mai , Keita Kurabe , Yusuke Sakai , Georgina Agyei , Soudabeh Eslami , David Chiang

Machine translation has an undesirable propensity to produce "translationese" artifacts, which can lead to higher BLEU scores while being liked less by human raters. Motivated by this, we model translationese and original (i.e. natural)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-07-13 Parker Riley , Isaac Caswell , Markus Freitag , David Grangier

Evaluating machine translation (MT) for low-resource languages poses a persistent challenge, primarily due to the limited availability of high quality reference translations. This issue is further exacerbated in languages with multiple…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Md. Atiqur Rahman , Sabrina Islam , Mushfiqul Haque Omi

Gender bias in machine translation (MT) systems has been extensively documented, but bias in automatic quality estimation (QE) metrics remains comparatively underexplored. Existing studies suggest that QE metrics can also exhibit gender…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Giorgos Filandrianos , Orfeas Menis Mastromichalakis , Wafaa Mohammed , Giuseppe Attanasio , Chrysoula Zerva

We present effective pre-training strategies for neural machine translation (NMT) using parallel corpora involving a pivot language, i.e., source-pivot and pivot-target, leading to a significant improvement in source-target translation. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-23 Yunsu Kim , Petre Petrov , Pavel Petrushkov , Shahram Khadivi , Hermann Ney

Simultaneous machine translation (SiMT) generates translation before reading the entire source sentence and hence it has to trade off between translation quality and latency. To fulfill the requirements of different translation quality and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-22 Shaolei Zhang , Yang Feng

Quality Estimation (QE) aims to assess machine translation quality without reference translations, but recent studies have shown that existing QE models exhibit systematic gender bias. In particular, they tend to favor masculine…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Jinhee Jang , Juhwan Choi , Dongjin Lee , Seunguk Yu , Youngbin Kim

Deep learning based question answering (QA) on English documents has achieved success because there is a large amount of English training examples. However, for most languages, training examples for high-quality QA models are not available.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-07-16 Chia-Hsuan Lee , Hung-Yi Lee