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In the fields of statistics and unsupervised machine learning a fundamental and well-studied problem is anomaly detection. Anomalies are difficult to define, yet many algorithms have been proposed. Underlying the approaches is the nebulous…
Refraction at the interface between two materials is fundamental to the interaction of light with photonic devices and to the propagation of light through the atmosphere at large. Underpinning the traditional rules for the refraction of an…
Visual estimation of heading in the human brain is widely believed to be based on instantaneous optic flow, the velocity of retinal image motion. However, we previously found that humans are unable to use instantaneous optic flow to…
Understanding of the phenomena of vision and thought require clarification of the general mechanism of perception. So far, philosophical inquiries and scientific investigations have not been able to address clearly the mysteries surrounding…
Ophthalmic decision-making depends on subtle lesion-scale cues interpreted across multimodal imaging and over time, yet most medical foundation models remain static and degrade under modality and acquisition shifts. Here we introduce…
Humans possess an intricate and powerful visual system in order to perceive and understand the environing world. Human perception can effortlessly detect and correctly group features in visual data and can even interpret random-dot videos…
Over the past two decades, considerable strides have been made in advancing neuroscientific techniques, yet challenges remain in attributing causality to observed associations. This review addresses a fundamental issue in observational…
Despite significant recent progress, machine vision systems lag considerably behind their biological counterparts in performance, scalability, and robustness. A distinctive hallmark of the brain is its ability to automatically discover and…
In this paper, we propose a unified information theoretic framework for learning-motivated methods aimed at odometry estimation, a crucial component of many robotics and vision tasks such as navigation and virtual reality where relative…
This position paper argues that the next generation of vision encoders should be image size agnostic and task driven. The source of our inspiration is biological. Not a structural aspect of biological vision, but a behavioral trait --…
Color constancy is a fundamental ability of many biological visual systems and a crucial step in computer imaging systems. Bio-inspired modeling offers a promising way to elucidate the computational principles underlying color constancy and…
Archetypal analysis represents a set of observations as convex combinations of pure patterns, or archetypes. The original geometric formulation of finding archetypes by approximating the convex hull of the observations assumes them to be…
In this article I deal with the notion of observation in the most fundamental sense and its representation by means of formal languages serving as expressional tools of formal-axiomatical theories. In doing so, I have taken this notion in…
We consider the design of a pattern recognition that matches templates to images, both of which are spatially sampled and encoded as temporal sequences. The image is subject to a combination of various perturbations. These include ones that…
An extended interference pattern close to surface may result in both a transmissive or evanescent surface fields for large area manipulation of trapped particles. The affinity of differing particle sizes to a moving standing wave light…
In animal experiments, the observed orientation preference (OP) and ocular dominance (OD) columns in the visual cortex of the brain show various pattern types. Here, we show that the different visual map formations in various species are…
Astronomy has a rich tradition of using color photography and imaging, for visualization in research as well as for sharing scientific discoveries in formal and informal education settings (i.e., for "public outreach.") In the modern era,…
Through digital imaging, microscopy has evolved from primarily being a means for visual observation of life at the micro- and nano-scale, to a quantitative tool with ever-increasing resolution and throughput. Artificial intelligence, deep…
In this work, we present and investigate the novel blind inverse problem of position-blind ptychography, i.e., ptychographic phase retrieval without any knowledge of scan positions, which then must be recovered jointly with the image. The…
The scientific study of the retina has reached a remarkable state of completion. We can now explain many aspects of early visual processing based on a relatively simple model of neural circuitry in the retina. The same model, with different…