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We present a multi-level quantum-classical intermediate representation (IR) that enables an optimizing, retargetable, ahead-of-time compiler for available quantum programming languages. To demonstrate our architecture, we leverage our…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-02 Thien Nguyen , Alexander McCaskey

Weak-memory models are standard formal specifications of concurrency across hardware, programming languages, and distributed systems. A fundamental computational problem is consistency testing: is the observed execution of a concurrent…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2023-11-16 Soham Chakraborty , Shankaranarayanan Krishna , Umang Mathur , Andreas Pavlogiannis

Existing iterative compilation and machine-learning-based optimization techniques have been proven very successful in achieving better optimizations than the standard optimization levels of a compiler. However, they were not engineered to…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2020-08-11 Kyriakos Georgiou , Zbigniew Chamski , Andres Amaya Garcia , David May , Kerstin Eder

Computing-in-memory (CIM) is renowned in deep learning due to its high energy efficiency resulting from highly parallel computing with minimal data movement. However, current SRAM-based CIM designs suffer from long latency for loading…

While transformer models have been highly successful, they are computationally inefficient. We observe that for each layer, the full width of the layer may be needed only for a small subset of tokens inside a batch and that the "effective"…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Bartosz Wójcik , Alessio Devoto , Karol Pustelnik , Pasquale Minervini , Simone Scardapane

Intermediate Representations (IRs) play a critical role in compiler design and program analysis, yet their comprehension by Large Language Models (LLMs) remains underexplored. In this paper, we present an explorative empirical study…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Hailong Jiang , Jianfeng Zhu , Yao Wan , Bo Fang , Hongyu Zhang , Ruoming Jin , Qiang Guan

Developing concurrent software is challenging, especially if it has to run on modern architectures with Weak Memory Models (WMMs) such as ARMv8, Power, or RISC-V. For the sake of performance, WMMs allow hardware and compilers to…

Operating Systems · Computer Science 2022-07-12 Antonio Paolillo , Hernán Ponce-de-León , Thomas Haas , Diogo Behrens , Rafael Chehab , Ming Fu , Roland Meyer

In this paper, we propose a novel modulation concept which we call \emph{index and composition modulation (ICM)}. In the proposed concept, we use indices of active/deactive codeword elements and compositions of an integer to encode…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-09-29 Ferhat Yarkin , Justin P. Coon

It is often difficult to write code that you can ensure will be executed in the right order when programing for parallel compute tasks. Due to the way that today's parallel compute hardware, primarily Graphical Processing Units (GPUs),…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Andrew Osterhout , Ganesh Gopalakrishnan

In recent years, various computing-in-memory (CIM) processors have been presented, showing superior performance over traditional architectures. To unleash the potential of various CIM architectures, such as device precision, crossbar size,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-05-09 Songyun Qu , Shixin Zhao , Bing Li , Yintao He , Xuyi Cai , Lei Zhang , Ying Wang

Speculative techniques in microarchitectures relax various dependencies in programs, which contributes to the complexity of (weak) memory models. We show using WMM, a new weak memory model, that the model becomes simpler if it includes…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2016-06-20 Sizhuo Zhang , Arvind , Muralidaran Vijayaraghavan

Multiprocess systems, including grid systems, multiprocessors and multicore computers, incorporate a variety of specialized hardware and software mechanisms, which speed computation, but result in complex memory behavior. As a consequence,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2013-06-04 Steven Cheng , Lisa Higham , Jalal Kawash

The rise of data-intensive applications exposed the limitations of conventional processor-centric von-Neumann architectures that struggle to meet the off-chip memory bandwidth demand. Therefore, recent innovations in computer architecture…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Asif Ali Khan , Hamid Farzaneh , Karl F. A. Friebel , Clément Fournier , Lorenzo Chelini , Jeronimo Castrillon

In continual visual question answering (VQA), existing Continual Learning (CL) methods are mostly built for symmetric, unimodal architectures. However, modern Vision-Language Models (VLMs) violate this assumption, as their trainable…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Peifeng Zhang , Zice Qiu , Donghua Yu , Shilei Cao , Juepeng Zheng , Yutong Lu , Haohuan Fu

The rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has revolutionized various aspects of human life, yet their immense computational and energy demands pose significant challenges for efficient inference. The memory wall, the growing…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Hongyi Li , Songchen Ma , Huanyu Qu , Weihao Zhang , Jia Chen , Junfeng Lin , Fengbin Tu , Rong Zhao

The core of a formal semantics of an imperative programming language is a memory model that describes the behavior of operations on the memory. Defining a memory model that matches the description of C in the C11 standard is challenging…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-09-14 Robbert Krebbers

The rapid development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Internet of Things (IoT) increases the requirement for edge computing with low power and relatively high processing speed devices. The Computing-In-Memory(CIM) schemes based on…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-08-27 Yewei Zhang , Kejie Huang , Rui Xiao , Haibin Shen

Computing-in-memory (CIM) has attracted significant attentions in recent years due to its massive parallelism and low power consumption. However, current CIM designs suffer from large area overhead of small CIM macros and bad programmablity…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-05-04 Shu-Hung Kuo , Tian-Sheuan Chang

The substantial memory bandwidth and computational demands of large language models (LLMs) present critical challenges for efficient inference. To tackle this, the literature has explored heterogeneous systems that combine neural processing…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Yuzong Chen , Chao Fang , Xilai Dai , Yuheng Wu , Thierry Tambe , Marian Verhelst , Mohamed S. Abdelfattah

The current landscape of defensive mechanisms for LLMs is fragmented and underdeveloped, unlike prior work on classifiers. To further promote adversarial robustness in LLMs, we propose Inverse Language Modeling (ILM), a unified framework…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Davide Gabrielli , Simone Sestito , Iacopo Masi