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Decoy-state methods [1-3] are essential to perform quantum key distribution (QKD) at large distances in the absence of single photon sources. However, the standard techniques apply only if laser pulses are used that are independent and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-19 Shlok Nahar , Twesh Upadhyaya , Norbert Lütkenhaus

We develop a general theory for quantum key distribution (QKD) in both the forward error correction and the reverse error correction cases when the QKD system is equipped with phase-randomized coherent light with arbitrary number of decoy…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Masahito Hayashi

We present a review on the historic development of the decoy state method, including the background, principles, methods, results and development. We also clarify some delicate concepts. Given an imperfect source and a very lossy channel,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-08 Xiang-Bin Wang

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is a technology that allows secure key exchange between two distant users. A widespread adoption of QKD requires the development of simple, low-cost, and stable systems. However, implementation of the current…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-05-12 Di Ma , Xin Liu , Chunfeng Huang , Huasheng Chen , Huanbin Lin , Kejin Wei

The fabrication of quantum key distribution (QKD) systems typically involves several parties, thus providing Eve with multiple opportunities to meddle with the devices. As a consequence, conventional hardware and/or software hacking attacks…

We present a stable and deterministic quantum key distribution (QKD) system based on differential phase shift. With three cascaded Mach-Zehnder interferometers with different arm-length differences for creating key, its key creation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-08-17 Bao-Kui Zhao , Yu-Bo Sheng , Fu-Guo Deng , Feng-Shou Zhang , Hong-Yu Zhou

Twin-Field (TF) quantum key distribution (QKD) is a major candidate to be the new benchmark for far-distance QKD implementations, since its secret key rate can overcome the repeaterless bound by means of a simple interferometric…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-11-15 Federico Grasselli , Alvaro Navarrete , Marcos Curty

Quantum key distribution (QKD) provides information-theoretic security guaranteed by the laws of quantum mechanics, making it resistant to future computational threats, including quantum computers. While QKD technology shows great promise,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-14 Si Qi Ng , Florian Kanitschar , Gong Zhang , Chao Wang

Quantum cryptography or, more precisely, quantum key distribution (QKD), is one of the advanced areas in the field of quantum technologies. The confidentiality of keys distributed with the use of QKD protocols is guaranteed by the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-30 A. S. Trushechkin , E. O. Kiktenko , D. A. Kronberg , A. K. Fedorov

Quantum key distribution (QKD) can provide unconditional secure communication between two distant parties. Although the significance of QKD is undisputed, its feasibility has been questioned because of certain limitations in the practical…

Quantum key distribution (QKD) aims to generate secure private keys shared by two remote parties. With its security being protected by principles of quantum mechanics, some technology challenges remain towards practical application of QKD.…

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is theoretically secure using the principle of quantum mechanics; therefore, QKD is a promising solution for the future of secure communication. Although several experimental demonstrations of QKD have been…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-02 Chunfeng Huang , Ye Chen , Long Jin , Minming Geng , Junwei Wang , Zhenrong Zhang , Kejin Wei

Passive implementations of quantum key distribution (QKD) sources are highly desirable as they eliminate side-channels that active modulators might introduce. Up till now, passive decoy-state and passive encoding BB84 schemes have both been…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-14 Wenyuan Wang , Rong Wang , Victor Zapatero , Li Qian , Bing Qi , Marcos Curty , Hoi-Kwong Lo

Quantum communication over long distances is integral to information security and has been demonstrated in free space and fibre with two-dimensional polarisation states of light. Although increased bit rates can be achieved using…

Vulnerabilities and imperfections of single-photon detectors have been shown to compromise security for quantum key distribution (QKD). The measurement-device-independent QKD (MDI-QKD) appears to be the most appealing solution to solve the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-08-24 Wen-Fei Cao , Yi-Zheng Zhen , Yu-Lin Zheng , Zeng-Bing Chen , Nai-Le Liu , Kai Chen , Jian-Wei Pan

We propose a new quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol based on the fully quantum mechanical states of the Faraday rotators. The protocol is unconditionally secure against collective attacks for multi-photon source up to two photons on a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-09-24 Taeseung Choi , Mahn-Soo Choi

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) offers unconditional security in principle. Many QKD protocols have been proposed and demonstrated to ensure secure communication between two authenticated users. Continuous variable (CV) QKD offers many…

Twin-Field (TF) quantum key distribution (QKD) represents a novel QKD approach whose principal merit is to beat the point-to-point private capacity of a lossy quantum channel, thanks to performing single-photon interference in an untrusted…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-14 Federico Grasselli , Marcos Curty

High-dimensional quantum key distribution (HDQKD) offers the possibility of high secure-key rate with high photon-information efficiency. We consider HDQKD based on the time-energy entanglement produced by spontaneous parametric…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-17 Zheshen Zhang , Jacob Mower , Dirk Englund , Franco N. C. Wong , Jeffrey H. Shapiro

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is a cutting-edge field that leverages the principles of quantum mechanics to enable secure communication between parties involved. Single-photon quantum emitters offer remarkable on-demand photon emission,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-01 Paolo Barigelli , Francesco Sirovich , Gonzalo Carvacho , Fabio Sciarrino