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Noncommutativity of observables is a central feature of quantum physics. It plays a fundamental role in the formulation of the uncertainty principle for complementary variables and strongly affects the laws of thermodynamics for systems…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-07 Franklin L. S. Rodrigues , Eric Lutz

The probability densities of work that can be exerted on a quantum system initially staying in thermal equilibrium are constrained by the fluctuation relations of Jarzynski and Crooks, when the work is determined by two projective energy…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-03-20 Kosuke Ito , Peter Talkner , B. Prasanna Venkatesh , Gentaro Watanabe

The celebrated Evans-Searles, respectively Gallavotti-Cohen, fluctuation theorem concerns certain universal statistical features of the entropy production rate of a classical system in a transient, respectively steady, state. In this paper,…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2025-08-05 T. Benoist , L. Bruneau , V. Jakšić , A. Panati , C. -A. Pillet

The thermodynamic behavior of Markovian open quantum systems can be described at the level of fluctuations by using continuous monitoring approaches. However, practical applications require assessing imperfect detection schemes, where the…

Fluctuation theorems are one of the pillars of non-equilibrium thermodynamics. Broadly speaking, they concern the statistical distribution of quantities such as heat, work or entropy production. Quantum experiments, however, usually can…

We study the Fluctuation Theorem (FT) for entropy production in chaotic discrete-time dynamical systems on compact metric spaces, and extend it to empirical measures, all continuous potentials, and all weak Gibbs states. In particular, we…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2026-02-13 Noé Cuneo , Vojkan Jakšić , Claude-Alain Pillet , Armen Shirikyan

Continuously measured quantum systems are characterized by an output current, in the form of a stochastic and correlated time series which conveys crucial information about the underlying quantum system. The many tools used to describe…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-19 Gabriel T. Landi , Michael J. Kewming , Mark T. Mitchison , Patrick P. Potts

The Fluctuation Theorem describes the probability ratio of observing trajectories that satisfy or violate the second law of thermodynamics. It has been proved in a number of different ways for thermostatted deterministic nonequilibrium…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-10-31 Debra J. Searles , Denis J. Evans

Fluctuation theorems (FTs), which describe some universal properties of nonequilibrium fluctuations, are examined from a quantum perspective and derived by introducing a two-point measurement on the system. FTs for closed and open systems…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-05-13 Massimiliano Esposito , Upendra Harbola , Shaul Mukamel

We investigate manipulations of pure quantum states under incoherent or strictly incoherent operations assisted by a coherence battery, that is, a storage device whose degree of coherence is allowed to fluctuate in the process. This leads…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-09-26 Benjamin Morris , Gerardo Adesso

We formulate a geometric framework in which physical laws emerge from restricted access to microscopic information. Measurement constraints are modeled as a gauge symmetry acting on density operators, inducing a gauge-reduced space of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-19 Tiago Pernambuco , Lucas Chibebe Céleri

The very notion of a current fluctuation is problematic in the quantum context. We study that problem in the context of nonequilibrium statistical mechanics, both in a microscopic setup and in a Markovian model. Our answer is based on a…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-05-14 Jan Derezinski , Wojciech De Roeck , Christian Maes

A quantum-mechanical framework is set up to describe the full counting statistics of particles flowing between reservoirs in an open system under time-dependent driving. A symmetry relation is obtained which is the consequence of…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2013-07-15 David Andrieux , Pierre Gaspard , Takaaki Monnai , Shuichi Tasaki

We propose a method to evaluate general thermodynamic fluctuations in open quantum systems, based on performing a two-point measurement scheme on the system using dynamics-dependent thermodynamic observables. Our approach allows one to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-30 Alessandra Colla , Andrea Smirne , Heinz-Peter Breuer , Bassano Vacchini

Near term quantum hardware promises unprecedented computational advantage. Crucial in its development is the characterization and minimization of computational errors. We propose the use of the quantum fluctuation theorem to benchmark the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-03-13 Bartłomiej Gardas , Sebastian Deffner

Mesoscopic systems provide us a unique experimental stage to address non-equilibrium quantum statistical physics. By using a simple tunneling model, we describe the electron exchange process via a quantum coherent conductor between two…

The deterministic and time-reversal symmetric dynamics of isolated quantum systems is at odds with irreversible equilibration observed in generic thermodynamic systems. Standard approaches at a reconciliation employ subjective restrictions…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-07 Aritro Mukherjee

We demonstrate that the fluctuation theorem of Gallavotti and Cohen can be used to characterize the class of dynamics that arises in nonthermal systems of collectively interacting particles driven over random quenched disorder. By observing…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2013-12-05 J. A. Drocco , C. J. Olson Reichhardt , C. Reichhardt

We derive fluctuation relations for a many-body quantum system prepared in a Generalised Gibbs Ensemble subject to a general nonequilibrium protocol. By considering isolated integrable systems, we find generalisations to the Tasaki-Crooks…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-06-19 James M. Hickey , Sam Genway

Temperature uncertainty of a quantum system in canonical ensemble is inversely determined by its energy fluctuation, which is known as the temperature-energy uncertainty relation. No such uncertainty relation was discovered for a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-03 Ning Zhang , Si-Yuan Bai , Chong Chen