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Spiking neural networks (SNNs) have shown a potential for having low energy with unsupervised learning capabilities due to their biologically-inspired computation. However, they may suffer from accuracy degradation if their processing is…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-03-06 Rachmad Vidya Wicaksana Putra , Muhammad Abdullah Hanif , Muhammad Shafique

Three-dimensional integrated circuits promise power, performance, and footprint gains compared to their 2D counterparts, thanks to drastic reductions in the interconnects' length through their smaller form factor. We can leverage the…

Predictable execution time upon accessing shared memories in multi-core real-time systems is a stringent requirement. A plethora of existing works focus on the analysis of Double Data Rate Dynamic Random Access Memories (DDR DRAMs), or…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2018-10-17 Mohamed Hassan

Considering the current price gap between disk and flash memory drives, for applications dealing with large scale data, it will be economically more sensible to use flash memory drives to supplement disk drives rather than to replace them.…

Databases · Computer Science 2012-08-02 Woon-Hak Kang , Sang-Won Lee , Bongki Moon

The current mobile applications have rapidly growing memory footprints, posing a great challenge for memory system design. Insufficient DRAM main memory will incur frequent data swaps between memory and storage, a process that hurts…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Fei Wen , Mian Qin , Paul Gratz , Narasimha Reddy

Caches in Content-Centric Networks (CCN) are increasingly adopting flash memory based storage. The current flash cache technology stores all files with the largest possible expiry date, i.e. the files are written in the memory so that they…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2016-06-24 Samta Shukla , Alhussein A. Abouzeid

The number and diversity of consumer devices are growing rapidly, alongside their target applications' memory consumption. Unfortunately, DRAM scalability is becoming a limiting factor to the available memory capacity in consumer devices.…

Solid-state drives (SSDs) have revolutionized data storage with their high performance, energy efficiency, and reliability. However, as storage demands grow, SSDs face critical challenges in scalability, endurance, latency, and security.…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Tianyu Ren , Yajuan Du , Jinhua Cui , Yina Lv , Qiao Li , Chun Jason Xue

The semiconductor industry is reaching a fascinating confluence in several evolutionary trends that will likely lead to a number of revolutionary changes in the design, implementation, scaling, and the use of computer systems. However,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2011-09-06 Annmol Cherian , Ajay Augustine , Jemy Jose , Vinod Pangracious

Over the years, the DRAM latency has not scaled proportionally with its density due to the cost-centric mindset of the DRAM industry. Prior work has shown that this shortcoming can be overcome by reducing the critical length of DRAM access…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-08-27 Chao-Hsuan Huang , Ishan G Thakkar

Quarter level cell (QLC) 3D NAND flash memory is emerging as the predominant storage solution in the era of artificial intelligence. QLC 3D NAND flash stores 4 bit per cell to expand the storage density, resulting in narrower read margins.…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Qianhui Li , Weiya Wang , Qianqi Zhao , Tong Qu , Jing He , Xuhong Qiang , Jingwen Hou , Ke Chen , Bao Zhang , Qi Wang

Flash memory is a non-volatile computer memory comprised of blocks of cells, wherein each cell can take on q different levels corresponding to the number of electrons it contains. Increasing the cell level is easy; however, reducing a cell…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-03-13 Eitan Yaakobi , Alexander Vardy , Paul H. Siegel , Jack K. Wolf

This paper summarizes our work on characterizing application memory error vulnerability to optimize datacenter cost via Heterogeneous-Reliability Memory (HRM), which was published in DSN 2014, and examines the work's significance and future…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2018-05-11 Yixin Luo , Sriram Govindan , Bikash Sharma , Mark Santaniello , Justin Meza , Aman Kansal , Jie Liu , Badriddine Khessib , Kushagra Vaid , Onur Mutlu

Flash memory devices are winning the competition for storage density against magnetic recording devices. This outcome results from advances in physics that allow storage of more than one bit per cell, coupled with advances in signal…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-12-09 Ahmed Hareedy , Beyza Dabak , Robert Calderbank

To index the increasing volume of data, modern data indexes are typically stored on SSDs and cached in DRAM. However, searching such an index has resulted in significant I/O traffic due to limited access locality and inefficient cache…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-08-05 Yun-Chih Chen , Yuan-Hao Chang , Tei-Wei Kuo

As transistor-based memory technologies like dynamic random access memory (DRAM) approach their scalability limits, the need to explore alternative storage solutions becomes increasingly urgent. Phase-change memory (PCM) has gained…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Mahek Desai , Rowena Quinn , Marjan Asadinia

Memories that exploit three-dimensional (3D)-stacking technology, which integrate memory and logic dies in a single stack, are becoming popular. These memories, such as Hybrid Memory Cube (HMC), utilize a network-on-chip (NoC) design for…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2018-12-05 Ramyad Hadidi , Bahar Asgari , Jeffrey Young , Burhan Ahmad Mudassar , Kartikay Garg , Tushar Krishna , Hyesoon Kim

Repeated off-chip memory accesses to DRAM drive up operating power for data-intensive applications, and SRAM technology scaling and leakage power limits the efficiency of embedded memories. Future on-chip storage will need higher density…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2022-01-13 Lillian Pentecost , Alexander Hankin , Marco Donato , Mark Hempstead , Gu-Yeon Wei , David Brooks

NAND flash-based Solid State Drives (SSDs), which are widely used from embedded systems to enterprise servers, are enhancing performance by exploiting the parallelism of NAND flash memories. To cope with the performance improvement of SSDs,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2017-04-12 Yeong-Jae Woo , Sang Lyul Min

3-D cross point phase change memory (PCM) is a promising emerging memory. However, dynamic performances of 3-D cross point PCM are limited and the role of bias scheme is unknown. Previous studies on bias schemes for planar memories use…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2019-06-06 Yu Lei , Meng Liu , Houpeng Chen , Xi Li , Qian Wang , Zhitang Song