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We demonstrate that the multipoles associated with the density matrix are truly observable quantities that can be unambiguously determined from intensity moments. Given their correct transformation properties, these multipoles are the…

We present a one-port calibration technique for characterization of beam waveguide components with a vector network analyzer. This technique involves using a set of known delays to separate the responses of the instrument and the device…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2014-03-24 Joseph R. Eimer , Charles L. Bennett , David T. Chuss , Edward J. Wollack

Accurate calibration of polarization dependent optical elements is often necessary in optical experiments. A versatile polarimeter device to measure the polarization state of light is a valuable tool in these experiments. Here we report a…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2021-09-22 T. A. Wilkinson , C. E. Maurer , C. J. Flood , G. Lander , S. Chafin , E. B. Flagg

The possibility of using axial spin color centers with $S=3/2$, oriented along the hexagonal $c$ axis in a silicon carbide (SiC) wafer, has been demonstrated for all-optical measurement of projection of the external magnetic field…

Methods for characterisation of 3D magnetic spin structures are necessary to advance the performance of 3D magnetic nanoscale technologies. However, as the component dimensions approach the nanometre range, it becomes more challenging to…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2025-06-24 Aurys Silinga , András Kovács , Stephen McVitie , Rafal E. Dunin-Borkowski , Kayla Fallon , Trevor P. Almeida

Atomic spin sensors offer precision measurements using compact, microfabricated packages, placing them in a competitive position for both market and research applications. Performance of these sensors such as dynamic range may be enhanced…

Sensing a magnetic field with an atomic magnetometer operated in real time presents significant challenges, primarily due to sensor non-linearity, the presence of noise, and the need for one-shot estimation. To address these challenges, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-26 Julia Amoros-Binefa , Jan Kolodynski

We have described a novel way to determine the Mueller matrix of any optical element by using projection method. For this purpose, we have used two universal SU(2) gadgets for polarization optics to obtain projection matrix directly from…

When polarized light is absorbed by an atom, the excited atomic system carries information about the initial polarization of light. For the light that carries an orbital angular momentum, or the twisted light, the polarization states are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-05-18 Andrei Afanasev , Carl E. Carlson , Hao Wang

We propose a method to determine the direction of surface magnetization and local magnetic moments on the atomic scale. The method comprises high resolution scanning tunneling microscope experiments in conjunction with first principles…

Materials Science · Physics 2009-11-07 W. A. Hofer , A. J. Fisher

Detection dead zones and heading errors induced by light shifts are two important problems in optically pumped scalar magnetometry. We introduce an atomic orientation based single-beam magnetometry scheme to simultaneously solve these…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2022-05-18 Qianqian Yu , Siqi Liu , Chunqi Yuan , Dong Sheng

Polarimetry of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) represents one of the possible diagnostics aimed at testing large-scale magnetism at the epoch of the photon decoupling. The propagation of electromagnetic disturbances in a magnetized…

Astrophysics · Physics 2010-04-29 Massimo Giovannini , Kerstin E. Kunze

We apply tomography, a general method for reconstructing 3-D distributions from multiple projections, to reconstruct the momentum distribution of electrons produced via strong field photoionization. The projections are obtained by rotating…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2009-09-28 C Smeenk , L Arissian , A Staudte , D M Villeneuve , P B Corkum

We develop and demonstrate a new protocol that allows sensing of magnetic fields in an extra-ordinary regime for atomic magnetometry. Until now, the demonstrated bandwidth for atomic magnetometry has been constrained to be slower than the…

The sensitive detection of either static or radio-frequency \textsc{(rf)} magnetic fields is essential to many fundamental studies and applications. Here, we demonstrate the operation of a cold-atom-based, \textsc{rf} magnetometer in…

A magnetometric technique is demonstrated that may be suitable for precision measurements of fields ranging from the sub-microgauss level to above the Earth field. It is based on resonant nonlinear magneto-optical rotation caused by atoms…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 D. Budker , D. F. Kimball , V. V. Yashchuk , M. Zolotorev

Polarization wiggling is an observational effect of a gravitational field on the polarization of electromagnetic radiation traversing it. We find that in linear gravity, the polarization wiggle rate contributions from scalar, vector and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-04-27 Kjell Tangen

The calculations presented here reveal that an electron probe carrying orbital angular momentum is just a particular case of a wider class of electron beams that can be used to measure electron magnetic circular dichroism (EMCD) with atomic…

Materials Science · Physics 2015-06-22 Jan Rusz , Juan-Carlos Idrobo , Somnath Bhowmick

We introduce a methodology to calibrate in situ a set of coils generating bi- or tri-axial magnetic fields, at frequencies where a calibration performed under static conditions would be inaccurate. The methodology uses harmonic analysis of…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2025-07-08 Giuseppe Bevilacqua , Valerio Biancalana , Yordanka Dancheva , Alessandro Fregosi

In this paper, we present a focused-ion-beam-assisted method for preparing magnet tips for magnetic resonance force microscopy measurements. The method electrostatically transfers prefabricated magnetic nanoparticles to microcantilevers,…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2026-04-03 Peter Sun , George R. Du Laney , Tim M. Fuchs , Tjerk H. Oosterkamp , Malcolm G. Thomas , John A. Marohn