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We present a fully covariant and gauge-invariant analysis of linear cosmological perturbations in Energy-Momentum Squared Gravity. Working within the 1+3 formalism, we derive the exact propagation equations for scalar, vector, and tensor…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-11-10 Peter K. S. Dunsby , Maria-Alexia Caldis , Eduardo Bittencourt

Modified gravity (MG) theories aim to reproduce the observed acceleration of the Universe by reducing the dark sector while simultaneously recovering General Relativity (GR) within dense environments. Void studies appear to be a suitable…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2019-11-27 E L D Perico , R Voivodic , M Lima , D F Mota

The 1+3 covariant approach and the covariant gauge-invariant approach to perturbations are used to analyze in depth conformal transformations in cosmology. Such techniques allow us to obtain very interesting insights on the physical content…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-11-20 Sante Carloni , Emilio Elizalde , Sergei Odintsov

We study the evolution of scalar and tensor cosmological perturbations in the framework of the Einstein-Cartan theory of gravity. The value of the gravitational slip parameter which is defined as the ratio of the two scalar potentials in…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-03-28 Maryam Ranjbar , Siamak Akhshabi , Mohsen Shadmehri

Extremely large surveys with future experiments like Euclid and the SKA will soon allow us to access perturbation modes close to the Hubble scale, with wavenumbers $k \sim \mathcal{H}$. If a modified gravity theory is responsible for cosmic…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-11-03 Tessa Baker , Philip Bull

We study linear cosmological perturbations in a previously introduced family of deformations of general relativity characterized by the absence of new degrees of freedom. The homogeneous and isotropic background in this class of theories is…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-06-08 Kirill Krasnov , Yuri Shtanov

We consider the evolution of cosmological gravitational waves in scalar-tensor theory and $F(R)$ gravity theory as typical models of the modified gravity. Although the propagation speed is not changed from the speed of light, the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2018-04-04 Shin'ichi Nojiri , Sergei D. Odintsov

One way to account for the acceleration of the universe is to modify general relativity, rather than introducing dark energy. Typically, such modifications introduce new degrees of freedom. It is interesting to consider models with no new…

Astrophysics · Physics 2011-05-12 Sean M. Carroll , Ignacy Sawicki , Alessandra Silvestri , Mark Trodden

The standard approach to test for deviations from general relativity on cosmological scales is to combine measurements of the growth rate of structure with gravitational lensing. In this study, we show that this method suffers from an…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-11-26 Sveva Castello , Zhuangfei Wang , Lawrence Dam , Camille Bonvin , Levon Pogosian

In this paper we consider scalar-tensor theories, allowing for both conformal and disformal couplings to a fluid with a generic equation of state. We derive the effective coupling for both background cosmology and for perturbations in that…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2013-05-30 C. van de Bruck , G. Sculthorpe

We present the first suite of cosmological N-body simulations that simultaneously include the effects of two different and theoretically independent extensions of the standard $\Lambda$CDM cosmological scenario - namely an $f(R)$ theory of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-17 Marco Baldi , Francisco Villaescusa-Navarro , Matteo Viel , Ewald Puchwein , Volker Springel , Lauro Moscardini

We use a range of cosmological data to constrain phenomenological modifications to general relativity on cosmological scales, through modifications to the Poisson and lensing equations. We include cosmic microwave background anisotropy…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2019-04-29 Agnès Ferté , Donnacha Kirk , Andrew R. Liddle , Joe Zuntz

In this paper we study cosmological perturbations with $f(R)$ gravity scalaron. We consider epoch of transition from early general relativity (GR) phase to late time non-GR phase of cosmogenic history for a viable $f(R)$ gravity Lagrangian…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-21 Abhijit Talukdar , Sanjeev Kalita , Shadab Alam

Using a perturbative approach we solve stellar structure equations for low-density (solar-type) stars whose interior is described with a polytropic equation of state in scenarios involving a subset of modified gravity theories. Rather than…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2019-02-27 M. Cermeño , J. Carro , A. L. Maroto , M. Ángeles Pérez-García

This review explores modified theories of gravity, particularly $f(R)$ gravity, as extensions to General Relativity (GR) that offer alternatives to dark energy for explaining cosmic acceleration. These models generalize the Einstein-Hilbert…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-03-05 Rafid H. Dejrah

We present here a relativistic theory of gravity in which the spacetime metric is derived from a single scalar field $\Phi$. The field equation, derived from a simple variational principle, is a non-linear flat-space four-dimensional wave…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Keith Watt , Charles W. Misner

In this lecture I address the issue of possible large distance modification of gravity and its observational consequences. Although, for the illustrative purposes we focus on a particular simple generally-covariant example, our conclusions…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Gia Dvali

In recent years, modifications to General Relativity (GR) have been explored to address cosmological observations, particularly in the context of late-time cosmic acceleration. Among these, modifications based on the Teleparallel Equivalent…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-08-29 Saurabh Verma , Archana Dixit , Anirudh Pradhan , M. S. Barak

The properties of metric perturbations are determined in the context of an expanding Universe governed by a modified theory of gravity with a non-minimal coupling between curvature and matter. We analyse the dynamics of the 6 components of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-01-07 Miguel Barroso Varela , Orfeu Bertolami

We derive the equation of matter density perturbations on sub-horizon scales for a general Lagrangian density f(R, phi, X) that is a function of a Ricci scalar R, a scalar field phi and a kinetic term X=-(nabla phi)^2/2. This is useful to…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-12-18 Shinji Tsujikawa