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The quantum Hall effect (QHE) is traditionally considered a purely two-dimensional (2D) phenomenon. Recently, a three-dimensional (3D) version of the QHE has been reported in the Dirac semimetal ZrTe5. It was proposed to arise from a…

Recent experiments suggest that low carrier density three-dimensional (3D) metals ZrTe$_5$ and HfTe$_5$ exhibit the 3D quantum Hall (QH) effect with Hall resistivity plateaus and a metal-insulator transition in strong magnetic fields. The…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2024-06-19 Kaiyuan Gu , Kai Torrens , Biao Lian

The exsitance of three-dimensional Hall effect (3DQHE) due to spontaneous Fermi surface instabilities in strong magnetic field was proposed decades ago, and has stimulated recent progress in experiments. The reports in recent experiments…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2021-11-24 H. Geng , G. Y. Qi , L. Sheng , W. Chen , D. Y. Xing

The quantum anomalous Hall effect (QAHE) is a quantum phenomenon in which a two-dimensional system exhibits a quantized Hall resistance $h/e^2$ in the absence of magnetic field, where $h$ is the Planck constant and $e$ is the electron…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2026-01-13 Zhi-Qiang Zhang , Yu-Hang Li , Ming Lu , Hongfang Liu , Hailong Li , Hua Jiang , X. C. Xie

Recent experiments have reported a lot of spectacular transport properties in topological materials, such as quantum oscillations and three-dimensional (3D) quantum Hall effect (QHE) in ZrTe$_5$. In this paper, by using a strong topological…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2023-03-13 Yi-Xiang Wang , Zhigang Cai

The discovery of quantum Hall effect in two-dimensional (2D) electronic systems inspired the topological classifications of electronic systems1,2. By stacking 2D quantum Hall effects with interlayer coupling much weaker than the Landau…

Materials Science · Physics 2020-04-22 Pang Wang , Yafei Ren , Fangdong Tang , Peipei Wang , Tao Hou , Hualing Zeng , Liyuan Zhang , Zhenhua Qiao

We present a theoretical framework to describe the integer quantum Hall effect (IQHE) in three-dimensional (3D) electron systems. This extends our previous single-electron approach, which was successfully applied to two-dimensional (2D)…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2025-09-09 M. A. Hidalgo

The quasi-quantized Hall effect (QQHE) is the three-dimensional (3D) counterpart of the integer quantum Hall effect (QHE),exhibited only by two-dimensional (2D) electron systems. It has recently been observed in layered materials,…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2022-02-10 Rafał Wawrzyńczak , Stanislaw Galeski , Jonathan Noky , Yan Sun , Claudia Felser , Johannes Gooth

The quantum anomalous Hall effect (QAHE) hosts the dissipationless chiral edge states associated with the nonzero Chern number, providing potentially significant applications in future spintronics. The QAHE usually occurs in a…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2018-08-08 Y. J. Jin , R. Wang , B. W. Xia , B. B. Zheng , H. Xu

The discovery of the quantum Hall effect (QHE) in 1980 marked a turning point in condensed matter physics: given appropriate experimental conditions, the Hall conductivity {\sigma}_xy of a two-dimensional (2D) electron system is exactly…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2023-06-13 Johannes Gooth , Stanislaw Galeski , Tobias Meng

We numerically study the three-dimensional (3D) quantum Hall effect (QHE) and magnetothermoelectric transport of Weyl semimetals in the presence of disorder. We obtain a bulk picture that the exotic 3D QHE emerges in a finite range of Fermi…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2021-08-18 R. Ma , D. N. Sheng , L. Sheng

The material ZrTe$_5$ exhibits distinct topological phases, including a Weyl semimetal phase, characterized by a chiral anomaly and in-plane Hall effect, and a three-dimensional quantum Hall phase. The relationship between these phases…

Other Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-10-15 Jiahao Chen , Yu Cao , Hong Du , Yuanze Li , Ruidan Zhong , Tian Liang

The quantum Hall effect (QHE) originates from discrete Landau levels forming in a two-dimensional (2D) electron system in a magnetic field. In three dimensions (3D), the QHE is forbidden because the third dimension spreads Landau levels…

After decades of searching for the dissipationless transport in the absence of any external magnetic field, quantum anomalous Hall effect (QAHE) was recently achieved in magnetic topological insulator (TI) films. However, the universal…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2015-10-09 Xufeng Kou , Lei Pan , Jing Wang , Yabin Fan , Eun Sang Choi , Wei-Li Lee , Tianxiao Nie , Koichi Murata , Qiming Shao , Shou-Cheng Zhang , Kang L. Wang

A three-dimensional (3D) topological insulator (TI) is a quantum state of matter with a gapped insulating bulk yet a conducting surface hosting topologically-protected gapless surface states. One of the most distinct electronic transport…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2015-01-06 Yang Xu , Ireneusz Miotkowski , Chang Liu , Jifa Tian , Hyoungdo Nam , Nasser Alidoust , Jiuning Hu , Chih-Kang Shih , M. Zahid Hasan , Yong P. Chen

A new universality of metal-insulator transition in integer quantum Hall effect (IQHE) system is studied based on a lattice model, where the IQHE states only exist within a finite range of Fermi energy in the presence of disorders. A…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2009-10-30 D. N. Sheng , Z. Y. Weng

Quantum Hall effect (QHE), the ground to construct modern conceptual electronic systems with emerging physics, is often much influenced by the interplay between the host two-dimensional electron gases and the substrate, sometimes predicted…

The quantum limit (QL) of an electron liquid, realised at strong magnetic fields, has long been proposed to host a wealth of strongly correlated states of matter. Electronic states in the QL are, for example, quasi-one dimensional (1D),…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2023-06-02 S. Galeski , H. F. Legg , R. Wawrzyńczak , T. Förster , S. Zherlitsyn , D. Gorbunov , P. M. Lozano , Q. Li , G. D. Gu , C. Felser , J. Wosnitza , T. Meng , J Gooth

At ambient pressure, HfTe$_{5}$ is a material at the boundary between a weak and a strong topological phase, which can be tuned by changes in its crystalline structure or by the application of high magnetic fields. It exhibits a Lifshitz…

The three-dimensional (3D) topological insulator (TI) is a novel state of matter as characterized by two-dimensional (2D) metallic Dirac states on its surface. Bi-based chalcogenides such as Bi2Se3, Bi2Te3, Sb2Te3 and their combined/mixed…

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