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A new class of non-homogeneous state-affine systems is introduced for use in reservoir computing. Sufficient conditions are identified that guarantee first, that the associated reservoir computers with linear readouts are causal,…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2018-08-28 Lyudmila Grigoryeva , Juan-Pablo Ortega

Reservoir computing is a form of machine learning that utilizes nonlinear dynamical systems to perform complex tasks in a cost-effective manner when compared to typical neural networks. Many recent advancements in reservoir computing, in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Peter J. Ehlers , Hendra I. Nurdin , Daniel Soh

Reservoir computing approximation and generalization bounds are proved for a new concept class of input/output systems that extends the so-called generalized Barron functionals to a dynamic context. This new class is characterized by the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-04 Lukas Gonon , Lyudmila Grigoryeva , Juan-Pablo Ortega

Approximation capability of reservoir systems whose reservoir is a recurrent neural network (RNN) is discussed. We show what we call uniform strong universality of RNN reservoir systems for a certain class of dynamical systems. This means…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Hiroki Yasumoto , Toshiyuki Tanaka

A new explanation of geometric nature of the reservoir computing phenomenon is presented. Reservoir computing is understood in the literature as the possibility of approximating input/output systems with randomly chosen recurrent neural…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-10-29 Christa Cuchiero , Lukas Gonon , Lyudmila Grigoryeva , Juan-Pablo Ortega , Josef Teichmann

Reservoir computing is a machine learning framework that exploits nonlinear dynamics, exhibiting significant computational capabilities. One of the defining characteristics of reservoir computing is its low cost and straightforward training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Akane Ookubo , Masanobu Inubushi

Reservoir computing is a versatile paradigm in computational neuroscience and machine learning, that exploits the non-linear dynamics of a dynamical system - the reservoir - to efficiently process time-dependent information. Since its…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-21 Francesco Monzani , Enrico Prati

Reservoir Computing (RC) models, a subclass of recurrent neural networks, are distinguished by their fixed, non-trainable input layer and dynamically coupled reservoir, with only the static readout layer being trained. This design…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-16 Robert Simon Fong , Boyu Li , Peter Tiňo

Reservoir computation models form a subclass of recurrent neural networks with fixed non-trainable input and dynamic coupling weights. Only the static readout from the state space (reservoir) is trainable, thus avoiding the known problems…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Boyu Li , Robert Simon Fong , Peter Tiňo

Reservoir computing is a computational framework suited for temporal/sequential data processing. It is derived from several recurrent neural network models, including echo state networks and liquid state machines. A reservoir computing…

This paper shows that echo state networks are universal uniform approximants in the context of discrete-time fading memory filters with uniformly bounded inputs defined on negative infinite times. This result guarantees that any fading…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2018-08-28 Lyudmila Grigoryeva , Juan-Pablo Ortega

Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) are known to be universal approximators of dynamic systems under fairly mild and general assumptions. However, RNNs usually suffer from the issues of vanishing and exploding gradients in standard RNN…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-28 Shashank Jere , Lizhong Zheng , Karim Said , Lingjia Liu

Quantum reservoir computing uses the dynamics of quantum systems to process temporal data, making it particularly well-suited for machine learning with noisy intermediate-scale quantum devices. Recent developments have introduced…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-25 Lukas Gonon , Rodrigo Martínez-Peña , Juan-Pablo Ortega

The paradigm of reservoir computing exploits the nonlinear dynamics of a physical reservoir to perform complex time-series processing tasks such as speech recognition and forecasting. Unlike other machine-learning approaches, reservoir…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-11-08 Saeed Ahmed Khan , Fangjun Hu , Gerasimos Angelatos , Hakan E. Türeci

Echo state networks (ESNs) have been recently proved to be universal approximants for input/output systems with respect to various $L ^p$-type criteria. When $1\leq p< \infty$, only $p$-integrability hypotheses need to be imposed, while in…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-10-26 Lukas Gonon , Juan-Pablo Ortega

A reservoir computer is a special type of neural network, where most of the weights are randomly fixed and only a subset are trained. In this thesis we prove results about reservoir computers trained on deterministic dynamical systems, and…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2021-12-28 Allen G Hart

Reservoir computing is a machine learning paradigm that uses a high-dimensional dynamical system, or \emph{reservoir}, to approximate and predict time series data. The scale, speed and power usage of reservoir computers could be enhanced by…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-11-16 Forrest C. Sheldon , Artemy Kolchinsky , Francesco Caravelli

Reservoir Computing is a class of simple yet efficient Recurrent Neural Networks where internal weights are fixed at random and only a linear output layer is trained. In the large size limit, such random neural networks have a deep…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-02-18 Jonathan Dong , Ruben Ohana , Mushegh Rafayelyan , Florent Krzakala

We present a general hardware framework for building networks that directly implement Reservoir Computing, a popular software method for implementing and training Recurrent Neural Networks and are particularly suited for temporal…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2017-10-02 Samiran Ganguly , Kerem Y. Camsari , Avik W. Ghosh

Reservoir computing is a popular approach to design recurrent neural networks, due to its training simplicity and approximation performance. The recurrent part of these networks is not trained (e.g., via gradient descent), making them…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-02-15 Pietro Verzelli , Cesare Alippi , Lorenzo Livi , Peter Tino
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