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In this chapter we take a look at the universal approximation question for stochastic feedforward neural networks. In contrast to deterministic networks, which represent mappings from a set of inputs to a set of outputs, stochastic networks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-23 Thomas Merkh , Guido Montúfar

Reservoir Computing is an emerging machine learning framework which is a versatile option for utilising physical systems for computation. In this paper, we demonstrate how a single node reservoir, made of a simple electronic circuit, can be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-23 N. Rasha Shanaz , K. Murali , P. Muruganandam

A natural hypothesis for the success of reservoir computing in generic tasks is the ability of the untrained reservoir to map different input time series to separable reservoir states - a property we term separation capacity. We provide a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-03-24 Youness Boutaib

Universal approximation theorems are the foundations of classical neural networks, providing theoretical guarantees that the latter are able to approximate maps of interest. Recent results have shown that this can also be achieved in a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-14 Lukas Gonon , Antoine Jacquier

Large Language Models (LLM) have dominated the science and media landscape duo to their impressive performance on processing large chunks of data and produce human-like levels of text. Nevertheless, their huge energy demand and slow…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Felix Köster , Atsushi Uchida

The study of the boundary between classically simulable and computationally complex quantum dynamics is fundamental to understanding which physical resources may enable enhanced information-processing capabilities. We investigate this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-08 Moein N. Ivaki , Matias Karjula , Tapio Ala-Nissila

Reservoir computing (RC) offers efficient temporal data processing with a low training cost by separating recurrent neural networks into a fixed network with recurrent connections and a trainable linear network. The quality of the fixed…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2021-05-17 John Moon , Wei D. Lu

The Reservoir Computing (RC) paradigm posits that sufficiently complex physical systems can be used to massively simplify pattern recognition tasks and nonlinear signal prediction. This work demonstrates how random topological magnetic…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2020-11-18 Daniele Pinna , George Bourianoff , Karin Everschor-Sitte

Reservoir computing is a relatively recent computational paradigm that originates from a recurrent neural network and is known for its wide range of implementations using different physical technologies. Large reservoirs are very hard to…

Reservoir Computing (RC) has become popular in recent years thanks to its fast and efficient computational capabilities. Standard RC has been shown to be equivalent in the asymptotic limit to Recurrent Kernels, which helps in analyzing its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Giuseppe Alessio D'Inverno , Jonathan Dong

We consider the problem of approximating flow functions of continuous-time dynamical systems with inputs. It is well-known that continuous-time recurrent neural networks are universal approximators of this type of system. In this paper, we…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-20 Miguel Aguiar , Amritam Das , Karl H. Johansson

Reservoir computing aims to achieve high-performance and low-cost machine learning with a dynamical system as a reservoir. However, in general, there are almost no theoretical guidelines for its high-performance or optimality. Therefore,…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2025-10-21 Hayato Chiba , Koichi Taniguchi , Takuma Sumi

We prove that a generic reservoir system admits a generalized synchronization that is a topological embedding of the input system's attractor. We also prove that for sufficiently high reservoir dimension (given by Nash's embedding theorem)…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2025-10-21 Allen G Hart

Reservoir computing (RC) is a machine learning algorithm that can learn complex time series from data very rapidly based on the use of high-dimensional dynamical systems, such as random networks of neurons, called "reservoirs." To implement…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-29 Yusuke Sakemi , Kai Morino , Timothée Leleu , Kazuyuki Aihara

Reservoir Computing is a relatively new framework created to allow the usage of powerful but complex systems as computational mediums. The basic approach consists in training only a readout layer, exploiting the innate separation and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-06-23 Paolo Baldini

A physical neural network (PNN) has both the strong potential to solve machine learning tasks and intrinsic physical properties, such as high-speed computation and energy efficiency. Reservoir computing (RC) is an excellent framework for…

Chaotic Dynamics · Physics 2024-12-18 Tomoyuki Kubota , Yusuke Imai , Sumito Tsunegi , Kohei Nakajima

In reservoir computing, an input sequence is processed by a recurrent neural network, the reservoir, which transforms it into a spatial pattern that a shallow readout network can then exploit for tasks such as memorization and time-series…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Denis Kleyko , Christopher J. Kymn , E. Paxon Frady , Amy Loutfi , Friedrich T. Sommer

Reservoir computing is a recently introduced, highly efficient bio-inspired approach for processing time dependent data. The basic scheme of reservoir computing consists of a non linear recurrent dynamical system coupled to a single input…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2012-07-06 Yvan Paquot , François Duport , Anteo Smerieri , Joni Dambre , Benjamin Schrauwen , Marc Haelterman , Serge Massar

Reservoir computing systems, a class of recurrent neural networks, have recently been exploited for model-free, data-based prediction of the state evolution of a variety of chaotic dynamical systems. The prediction horizon demonstrated has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-06 Huawei Fan , Junjie Jiang , Chun Zhang , Xingang Wang , Ying-Cheng Lai

Most existing results in the analysis of quantum reservoir computing (QRC) systems with classical inputs have been obtained using the density matrix formalism. This paper shows that alternative representations can provide better insights…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-28 Rodrigo Martínez-Peña , Juan-Pablo Ortega