Related papers: Defining work done on electromagnetic field
Starting from a Lagrangian, the electromagnetic field is quantized in the presence of a body rotating along its axis of symmetry. Response functions and fluctuation-dissipation relations are obtained. A general formula for rotational…
It is shown that in semi-classical electrodynamics, which describes how electrically charged particles move according to the laws of quantum mechanics under the influence of a prescribed classical electromagnetic field, only a restricted…
We discuss different free energies for materials in static electric and magnetic fields. We explain what the corresponding Hamiltonians are, and describe which choice gives rise to which result for the free energy change, dF, in the…
Based on the explicit knowledge of a Hamiltonian of mean force, the classical statistical mechanics and equilibrium thermodynamics of open systems in contact with a thermal environment at arbitrary interaction strength can be formulated.…
We consider the forces acting on electrons in magnetic field including the constraints and a condition arising from quantum mechanics. The force is calculated as the electron mass, $m_e$, multiplied by the total time-derivative of the…
The governing equations of Maxwell electrodynamics in multi-dimensional spaces are derived from the variational principle of least action which is applied to the action function of the electromagnetic field. The Hamiltonian approach for the…
It is generally accepted that the effective magnetic field acting on a magnetic moment is given by the gradient of the energy with respect to the magnetization. However, in ab initio spin dynamics within the adiabatic approximation, the…
Systems of interacting charges and fields are ubiquitous in physics. Recently, it has been shown that Hamiltonians derived using different gauges can yield different physical results when matter degrees of freedom are truncated to a few…
The problem of the measurability of the electromagnetic field is investigated 1) in the framework of the abstract restricted-path-integral method, and 2) by explicitly accounting the action of the field onto the meter and its back reaction.…
The higher category theory can be employed to generalize the BF action to the so-called 3BF action, by passing from the notion of a gauge group to the notion of a gauge 3-group. The theory of scalar electrodynamics coupled to…
In a macroscopic (quantum or classical) Hamiltonian system, we prove the second law of thermodynamics in the forms of the minimum work principle and the law of entropy increase, under the assumption that the initial state is described by a…
In recent years we have witnessed a concentrated effort to make sense of thermodynamics for small-scale systems. One of the main difficulties is to capture a suitable notion of work that models realistically the purpose of quantum machines,…
Canonical quantization of electromagnetic field inside the time--spatially dispersive inhomogeneous dielectrics is presented. Interacting electromagnetic and matter excitation fields create the closed system, Hamiltonian of which may be…
Regarded as one of the most fundamental concepts of classical mechanics and thermodynamics, work has received well-grounded definitions within the quantum framework since the 1970s, having being successfully applied to many contexts. Recent…
We consider the most general diffeomorphism invariant action in 1+1 spacetime dimensions that contains a metric, dilaton and Abelian gauge field, and has at most second derivatives of the fields. Our action contains a topological term…
Modern statistical thermodynamics retains the concepts employed by Landau of the order parameter and a functional depending on it, now called the Hamiltonian. The present paper investigates the limits of validity for the use of the…
Consistency with the Maxwell equations determines how matter must be coupled to the electro-magnetic field (EMF) within the minimal coupling scheme. Specifically, if the Hamiltonian includes just a short-range repulsion among the conduction…
We study a model of massive photons with a parity invariant and non-local mass term. We identify a discrete symmetry of the classical equations of motion and show that this symmetry can be thought of as an electric-magnetic duality valid…
There are problems with defining the thermodynamic limit of systems with long-range interactions; as a result, the thermodynamic behavior of these types of systems is anomalous. In the present work, we review some concepts from both…
The Minkowski's theory is regarded as the classical approach for describing the electromagnetism of uniformly moving objects by elegantly utilizing the format-invariance of the Maxwell's equations in inertia reference frames under Lorentz…