Related papers: Reflexivity of Rings via Nilpotent Elements

A cover by left ideals of an associative (not necessarily commutative or unital) ring $R$ is a collection of proper left ideals whose set-theoretic union equals $R$. If such a cover exists, then $\eta_\ell(R)$ is the cardinality of a…

Let $A$ be a non Gorenstein Cohen Macaulay ring of dimension $d\geq 1$, $I$ an ideal of $A$, and suppose $\omega_A$ is a canonical $A$-module. Set $$r(I,\omega_A) = \bigcup_{n \geq 0} (I^{n+1} \omega_A : I^{n} \omega_A) \subseteq A .$$ We…

Let $R$ be a ring with involution containing a nontrivial symmetric idempotent element $e$. Let $\delta: R\rightarrow R$ be a mapping such that $\delta(ab)=\delta(b)a^{\ast}+b^{\ast}\delta(a)$ for all $a,b\in R$, we call $\delta$ a…

A proper ideal $P$ of a commutative ring with identity is an almost prime ideal if $ab \in P{\setminus}P^2$ implies $a \in P$ or $b \in P$. In this paper we define almost prime ideals of a noncommutative ring, and provide some equivalent…

Approximate expressions for X-ray resonant and M\"ossbauer reflectivity in the total external reflection region are developed for the limiting cases of a semiinfinite mirror with a small resonant addition to the total susceptibility and for…

This paper deals with naturally reductive pseudo-Riemannian 2-step nilpotent Lie groups $(N, \la \,,\,\ra_N)$, such that $\la \,,\,\ra_N$ is invariant under a left action. The case of nondegenerate center is completely characterized. In…

With the notion of prime submodule defined by F. Raggi et.al. we prove that the intersection of all prime submodules of a Goldie module $M$, is a nilpotent submodule provided that $M$ is retractable and $M^{(\Lambda)}$-projective for every…

We prove the following;Theorem:Let R be a prime noetherian ring with k.dimR = n, n a finite non-negative integer. We refer the reader to the definitions (1.1) of this paper.For a fixed non-negative integer m, m<n let Xm be the full set of…

In regard to our recent studies of rings with (strongly, weakly) nil-clean-like properties, we explore in-depth both the structural and characterization properties of those rings whose elements that are not units are weakly nil-clean. Group…

We show that a ring R has stable range one if and only if every left unit lifts modulo every left principal ideal. We also show that a left quasi-morphic ring has stable range one if and only if it is left uniquely generated. Thus we answer…

In this paper we mainly study the homological properties of dual modules over $k$-Gorenstein rings. For a right quasi $k$-Gorenstein ring $\Lambda$, we show that the right self-injective dimension of $\Lambda$ is at most $k$ if and only if…

A ring $R$ with an involution $*$ is a generalized Rickart $*$-ring if for all $x\in R$ the right annihilator of $x^n$ is generated by a projection for some positive integer $n$ depending on $x$. In this work, we introduce generalized right…

The only relativistic reflection model that implements a parameter relating the intensity incident on an accretion disk to the observed intensity is relxill. The parameter used in earlier versions of this model, referred to as the…

We study the class of rings $R$ with the property that for $x\in R$ at least one of the elements $x$ and $1+x$ are tripotent.

We answer in negative two of questions posed in [4]. We also establish a new characterization of semiprime left Goldie rings by showing that a semiprime ring R is left Goldie iff it is regular left fusible and has finite left Goldie…

Let $ A \subset B$ be rings. An ideal $ J \subset B$ is called power stable in $A$ if $ J^n \cap A = (J\cap A)^n$ for all $ n\geq 1$. Further, $J$ is called ultimately power stable in $A$ if $ J^n \cap A = (J\cap A)^n$ for all $n$ large…

We consider in-depth and characterize in certain aspects those rings whose non-units are strongly nil-clean in the sense that they are a sum of commuting nilpotent and idempotent. In addition, we examine those rings in which the non-units…

Using the method of commutative algebra, we show that the set $\mathfrak{R}$ of nilpotent elements of a vertex algebra $V$ forms an ideal, and $V/\mathfrak{R}$ has no nonzero nilpotent elements.

Idealization of a module $K$ over a commutative ring $S$ produces a ring having $K$ as an ideal, all of whose elements are nilpotent. We develop a method that under suitable field-theoretic conditions produces from an $S$-module $K$ and…

An order is a commutative ring that as an abelian group is finitely generated and free. A commutative ring is reduced if it has no non-zero nilpotent elements. In this paper we use a new tool, namely, the fact that every reduced order has a…