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We propose a new family of optimization criteria for variational auto-encoding models, generalizing the standard evidence lower bound. We provide conditions under which they recover the data distribution and learn latent features, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-03-01 Shengjia Zhao , Jiaming Song , Stefano Ermon

Variational Autoencoders (VAEs) have been shown to be remarkably effective in recovering model latent spaces for several computer vision tasks. However, currently trained VAEs, for a number of reasons, seem to fall short in learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-27 Chandrajit Bajaj , Avik Roy , Haoran Zhang

Deep networks often make confident, yet, incorrect, predictions when tested with outlier data that is far removed from their training distributions. Likelihoods computed by deep generative models (DGMs) are a candidate metric for outlier…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-20 Kushal Chauhan , Barath Mohan U , Pradeep Shenoy , Manish Gupta , Devarajan Sridharan

As one of the most popular generative models, Variational Autoencoder (VAE) approximates the posterior of latent variables based on amortized variational inference. However, when the decoder network is sufficiently expressive, VAE may lead…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-26 Dazhong Shen , Chuan Qin , Chao Wang , Hengshu Zhu , Enhong Chen , Hui Xiong

As Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are considered the state-of-the-art in many classification tasks, the question of their semantic generalizations has been raised. To address semantic interpretability of learned features, we introduce a novel…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-09-11 Shideh Rezaeifar , Olga Taran , Slava Voloshynovskiy

The PAC-Bayesian framework has significantly advanced the understanding of statistical learning, particularly for majority voting methods. Despite its successes, its application to multi-view learning -- a setting with multiple…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Mehdi Hennequin , Abdelkrim Zitouni , Khalid Benabdeslem , Haytham Elghazel , Yacine Gaci

The variational autoencoder (VAE) is a popular combination of deep latent variable model and accompanying variational learning technique. By using a neural inference network to approximate the model's posterior on latent variables, VAEs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-30 Junxian He , Daniel Spokoyny , Graham Neubig , Taylor Berg-Kirkpatrick

We propose a new method for novelty detection that can tolerate high corruption of the training points, whereas previous works assumed either no or very low corruption. Our method trains a robust variational autoencoder (VAE), which aims to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-02 Chieh-Hsin Lai , Dongmian Zou , Gilad Lerman

We propose a robust variational autoencoder with $\beta$ divergence for tabular data (RTVAE) with mixed categorical and continuous features. Variational autoencoders (VAE) and their variations are popular frameworks for anomaly detection…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-17 Haleh Akrami , Sergul Aydore , Richard M. Leahy , Anand A. Joshi

We propose a theoretical approach towards the training numerical stability of Variational AutoEncoders (VAE). Our work is motivated by recent studies empowering VAEs to reach state of the art generative results on complex image datasets.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-28 David Dehaene , Rémy Brossard

In a first part, we present a mathematical analysis of a general methodology of a probabilistic learning inference that allows for estimating a posterior probability model for a stochastic boundary value problem from a prior probability…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-06-08 Christian Soize

A well-known technique in estimating probabilities of rare events in general and in information theory in particular (used, e.g., in the sphere-packing bound), is that of finding a reference probability measure under which the event of…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2014-12-23 Rami Atar , Neri Merhav

We introduce an approach for training Variational Autoencoders (VAEs) that are certifiably robust to adversarial attack. Specifically, we first derive actionable bounds on the minimal size of an input perturbation required to change a VAE's…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-04-26 Ben Barrett , Alexander Camuto , Matthew Willetts , Tom Rainforth

The variational autoencoder (VAE) is a simple and efficient generative artificial intelligence method for modeling complex probability distributions of various types of data, such as images and texts. However, it suffers some main…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Xi Chen , Shaofan Li

We derive a new variational formula for the R\'enyi family of divergences, $R_\alpha(Q\|P)$, between probability measures $Q$ and $P$. Our result generalizes the classical Donsker-Varadhan variational formula for the Kullback-Leibler…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-07-21 Jeremiah Birrell , Paul Dupuis , Markos A. Katsoulakis , Luc Rey-Bellet , Jie Wang

Cross-modal representation learning has become a new normal for bridging the semantic gap between text and visual data. Learning modality agnostic representations in a continuous latent space, however, is often treated as a black-box…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-13 Jiaxin Wu , Chong-Wah Ngo , Wing-Kwong Chan , Zhijian Hou

This paper proposes a joint training method to learn both the variational auto-encoder (VAE) and the latent energy-based model (EBM). The joint training of VAE and latent EBM are based on an objective function that consists of three…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-06-12 Tian Han , Erik Nijkamp , Linqi Zhou , Bo Pang , Song-Chun Zhu , Ying Nian Wu

We extend variational autoencoders (VAEs) to collaborative filtering for implicit feedback. This non-linear probabilistic model enables us to go beyond the limited modeling capacity of linear factor models which still largely dominate…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-02-19 Dawen Liang , Rahul G. Krishnan , Matthew D. Hoffman , Tony Jebara

This paper studies the problem of approximately unlearning a Bayesian model from a small subset of the training data to be erased. We frame this problem as one of minimizing the Kullback-Leibler divergence between the approximate posterior…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-27 Quoc Phong Nguyen , Bryan Kian Hsiang Low , Patrick Jaillet

Several variational bounds involving importance weighting ideas generalize the Evidence Lower BOund (ELBO) for marginal likelihood optimization, such as the Importance-weighted Auto-Encoder (IWAE), Variational R\'enyi (VR) and VR-IWAE…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-28 Kamélia Daudel , François Roueff