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Gamma-ray Burst (GRB) collimation has been inferred with the observations of achromatic steepening in GRB light curves, known as jet breaks. Identifying a jet break from a GRB afterglow lightcurve allows a measurement of the jet opening…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-06-13 Xiang-Gao Wang , Bing Zhang , En-Wei Liang , Rui-Jing Lu , Jing Li , Long Li

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are fascinating events due to their panchromatic nature. We study optical plateaus in GRB afterglows via an extended search into archival data. We comprehensively analyze all published GRBs with known redshifts and…

We derive a relation between the flux density $F_{\nu,j}$ at the light-curve break of a gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglow and the break time $t_{j}$. The break is due to the transition from the spherical-like to jet-like evolution of the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 X. F. Wu , Z. G. Dai , E. W. Liang

Spectral lag, which is defined as the difference in time of arrival of high and low energy photons, is a common feature in Gamma-ray Bursts (GRBs). Previous investigations have shown a correlation between this lag and the isotropic peak…

A large fraction of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) shows a plateau phase during the X-ray afterglow emission, whose physical origin is still debated. In this work we define a sample of 30 GRBs with simultaneous X-ray and optical data during and…

We have collected all of the published photometry for GRB 990123 and GRB 990510, the first two gamma-ray bursts where breaks were seen in the light curves of their optical afterglows, and determined the shapes of their light curves and the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2011-05-23 S. Holland , G. Bjornsson , J. Hjorth , B. Thomsen

Brightness dependent correlations have been conclusively detected in the average time profiles of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). Determining the time constants of the stretched exponential slopes of the average peak-aligned time profile of GRBs…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-30 Boris Stern , Juri Poutanen , Roland Svensson

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), which have been observed up to redshifts $z \approx 9.5$ can be good probes of the early universe and have the potential of testing cosmological models. The analysis by Dainotti of GRB Swift afterglow lightcurves…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2013-07-30 Maria Giovanna Dainotti , Vahe' Petrosian , Jack Singal , Michal Ostrowski

The large scatters of luminosity relations of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) have been one of the most important reasons that prevent the extensive applications of GRBs in cosmology. Many efforts have been made to seek tight luminosity relations.…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2012-04-10 Shi Qi , Tan Lu

For gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) with a plateau phase in the X-ray afterglow, a so called $L-T-E$ correlation has been found which tightly connects the isotropic energy of the prompt GRB ($E_{\gamma,\rm{iso}}$) with the end time of the X-ray…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-10-26 Fan Xu , Chen-Han Tang , Jin-Jun Geng , Fa-Yin Wang , Yu-Yang Wang , Abudushataer Kuerban , Yong-Feng Huang

Well-sampled optical lightcurves of 146 gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are complied from the literature. Multiple optical emission components are extracted with power-law function fits to these lightcurves. We present a systematical analysis for…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-04 En-Wei Liang , Liang Li , Qing-Wen Tang , Jie-Min Chen , Bing Zhang

We observe strong correlations between the temporal properties of gamma ray bursts (GRBs) and their apparent peak brightness. The strongest effect (with a significance level of 10^{-6}) is the difference between the brightness distributions…

Astrophysics · Physics 2011-07-13 Boris Stern , Juri Poutanen , Roland Svensson

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), which have been observed up to redshifts z approx 9.5 can be good probes of the early universe and have the potential of testing cosmological models. The analysis by Dainotti of GRB Swift afterglow lightcurves with…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-16 Maria Giovanna Dainotti , Vahe' Petrosian , Jack Singal , Michal Ostrowski

In this work we study the distribution of temporal power-law decay indices, $\alpha$, in the Gamma Ray Burst (GRB) afterglow phase, fitted for $176$ GRBs (139 long GRBs, 12 short GRBs {\it with extended emission} and 25 X-Ray Flashes…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-09-07 Roberta Del Vecchio , Maria Giovanna Dainotti , Michał Ostrowski

The lag-luminosity relation for gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) is an anti-correlation between the time lag, tau_lag, which represents the delay between the arrival of hard and soft photons, and the isotropic peak luminosity, L. In this paper, we…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2012-03-30 Walid J. Azzam

We present a multi-variable regression analysis to several observable quantities for a sample of 15 gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). The observables used in the analysis includes the isotropic gamma-ray energy (E_{gamma,iso}), the peak energy of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 Enwei Liang , Bing Zhang

We present an analysis of 123 Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) with known redshifts possessing an afterglow plateau phase. We reveal that $L_a-T^{*}_a$ correlation between the X-ray luminosity $L_a$ at the end of the plateau phase and the plateau…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-08-06 M. G. Dainotti , V. Petrosian , R. Willingale , P. O' Brien , M. Ostrowski , S. Nagataki

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are extremely high-energy events that can be observed at very high redshift. In addition to gamma rays, they can emit in X-ray, optical, and sometimes radio wavelengths. Here, following the approach in…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-12-07 M. G. Dainotti , D. Levine , D. Warren , N. Fraija , S. Sourav

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) serve as important cosmological probes, whose X-ray afterglow light curves (LCs) may exhibit a plateau phase (with temporal slope $\alpha$ between 0 and 0.5) that may originate from magnetar energy injection. Similar…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-08-21 Yu-Qi Zhou , Shuang-Xi Yi , Yu-Peng Yang , Jia-Lun Li , Jian-Ping Hu , Yan-Kun Qu , Fa-Yin Wang

The onset of GRB afterglow is characterized by a smooth bump in the early afterglow lightcurve. We make an extensive search for such a feature. Twenty optically selected GRBs and 12 X-ray selected GRBs are found, among which 17 optically…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2010-12-09 En-Wei Liang , Shuang-xi Yi , Jin Zhang , Hou-Jun LV , Bin-Bin Zhang , Bing Zhang