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Volt/var control (VVC) of smart PV inverter is becoming one of the most popular solutions to address the voltage challenges associated with high PV penetration. This work focuses on the local droop VVC recommended by the grid integration…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-10-30 Ankit Singhal , Venkataramana Ajjarapu , Jason. C. Fuller , Jacob Hansen

The rapid growth of large data center loads and inverter-based generation is increasing the stress on transmission networks, while expanding grid capacity at the required pace remains challenging. Power flow controllers (PFCs) that adjust…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-11-20 Eric Haag , Yuhao Chen , Giri Venkataramanan , Manish K. Singh

The increasing penetration of converter-based renewable generation has resulted in faster frequency dynamics, and low and variable inertia. As a result, there is a need for frequency control methods that are able to stabilize a disturbance…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-13 Jie Feng , Manasa Muralidharan , Rodrigo Henriquez-Auba , Patricia Hidalgo-Gonzalez , Yuanyuan Shi

Declines in cost and concerns about the environmental impact of traditional generation have boosted the penetration of renewables and non-conventional distributed energy resources into the power grid. The intermittent availability of these…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-03-10 Priyank Srivastava , Patricia Hidalgo-Gonzalez , Jorge Cortes

Multiple types of fluctuations impact the collective dynamics of power grids and thus challenge their robust operation. Fluctuations result from processes as different as dynamically changing demands, energy trading, and an increasing share…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2018-07-24 Benjamin Schäfer , Christian Beck , Kazuyuki Aihara , Dirk Witthaut , Marc Timme

The transient stability of traditional power systems is concerned with the ability of generators to stay synchronized with the positive-sequence voltage of the network, whether for symmetrical or asymmetrical faults. In contrast, both…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-07-26 Xiuqiang He , Changjun He , Sisi Pan , Hua Geng , Feng Liu

The stability of inverter-dominated power grids remains an active area of research. This paper presents novel sufficient conditions for ensuring small-signal stability in lossless and constant $R/X$ grids with highly heterogeneous mixes of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-07-03 Jakob Niehues , Robin Delabays , Anna Büttner , Frank Hellmann

Voltage stability is a critical feature of an efficiently operating power distribution system such as a DC islanded microgrid. Large-scale autonomous power systems can be defined by heterogeneous elements, uncertainty and changing…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-03-21 Daniel O'Keeffe , Stefano Riverso , Laura Albiol-Tendillo , Gordon Lightbody

In this paper, we will consider a class of continuous-time stochastic control systems with both unknown nonlinear structure and unknown disturbances, and investigate the capability of the classical proportional-integral-derivative(PID)…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-21 Cheng Zhao , Shuo Yuan

Impedance-based stability analysis is appealing in the case of Single-Input Single-Output (SISO) systems. However, in the case of grid-tied voltage source converter (VSC) systems, dq impedances of source and load (VSC) subsystems are…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2017-03-14 Chen Zhang , Xu Cai , Atle Rygg , Marta Molinas

The electrical grid is evolving from a network consisting of mostly synchronous machines to a mixture of synchronous machines and inverter-based resources such as wind, solar, and energy storage. This transformation has led to a decrease in…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-07-29 Atinuke Ademola-Idowu , Baosen Zhang

During grid faults, grid-forming converters are typically suggested to switch from a voltage-source to a current-source mode to limit the current and protect the electronics. This transition has the potential for the converter to…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-25 Youcefa Brahim Elkhalil , Nima Tashakor , Davood Keshavarzi , Ehsan Asadi , Stefan Goetz

The increasing complexity of low-voltage networks poses a growing challenge for the reliable and fail-safe operation of electricity grids. The reasons for this include an increasingly decentralized energy generation (photovoltaic systems,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-09-13 Christoph Balada , Sheraz Ahmed , Andreas Dengel , Max Bondorf , Nikolai Hopfer , Markus Zdrallek

Grid-forming inverters control the power transfer between the AC and DC sides of an electrical grid while maintaining the frequency and voltage of the AC side. This paper focuses on ensuring large-signal stability of an electrical grid with…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-18 Jared Miller , Maitraya Avadhut Desai , Xiuqiang He , Roy S. Smith , Gabriela Hug

In this article, we propose a nonlinear voltage control to ensure power exchange in a multiport interconnected system, which consists of a bidirectional DC-DC converter and generating-storing devices. The converter topology under…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-04-01 Felipe Morales , Rafael Cisneros , Romeo Ortega , Antonio Sanchez-Squella

Learning from two-level voltage source converters, the existing impedance-based stability analyses of modular multilevel converters (MMCs) primarily focus on system modes with finite closed-loop transfer functions, which consider…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-10 Chongbin Zhao , Qirong Jiang

The paper discusses fast frequency control in bulk power systems using embedded networks of grid-forming energy storage resources. Differing from their traditional roles of regulating reserves, the storage resources in this work operate as…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-22 Kaustav Chatterjee , Ramij Raja Hossain , Sai Pushpak Nandanoori , Soumya Kundu , Diane Baldwin , Ronald Melton

The output impedance matrices of three-phase grid-connected voltage source converters (VSCs) are widely used in power system stability analysis. Regardless of how the impedance is modeled, there always exist coupling terms in the impedance…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2017-04-04 Huanhai Xin , Ziheng Li , Wei Dong , Zhen Wang , Leiqi Zhang

This paper reviews Voltage-Source Converters (VSCs) EMT and Phasor models currently used to simulate converter-interfaced generation (CIG) and renewable energy resources integration to power systems. Several modelling guidelines and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-12-03 Vinícius Albernaz Lacerda , Eduardo Prieto Araujo , Marc Cheah-Mañe , Oriol Gomis-Bellmunt

Power flow in a low voltage direct current grid (LVDC) is a non-linear problem just as its counterpart ac. This paper demonstrates that, unlike in ac grids, convergence and uniqueness of the solution can be guaranteed in this type of grids.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-02-06 Alejandro Garces