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An autonomous AI ecosystem (SUBSTRATE S3), generating product specifications without explicit instructions about formal methods, independently proposed the use of Z3 SMT solver across six distinct domains of AI safety: verification of…
Metamorphic testing (MT) is widely used for testing programs that face the oracle problem. It uses a set of metamorphic relations (MRs), which are relations among multiple inputs and their corresponding outputs to determine whether the…
Repairing legacy systems is a difficult and error-prone task: often, limited knowledge of the intricacies of these systems could make an attempted repair result in new errors. Consequently, it is desirable to repair such systems in an…
While vehicles have primarily been controlled through mechanical means in years past, an increasing number of embedded control systems are being installed and used, keeping pace with advances in electronic control technology and…
Although the methodology of Design Science Research (DSR) is playing an increasingly important role with the emergence of the "sciences of the artificial", the validity of the resulting artifacts is occasionally questioned. This paper…
Todays industrial control systems consist of tightly coupled components allowing adversaries to exploit security attack surfaces from the information technology side, and, thus, also get access to automation devices residing at the…
Model-based testing relies on behavior models for the generation of model traces: input and expected output---test cases---for an implementation. We use the case study of an automotive network controller to assess different test suites in…
Decision tree ensembles are widely used in critical domains, making robustness and sensitivity analysis essential to their trustworthiness. We study the feature sensitivity problem, which asks whether an ensemble is sensitive to a specified…
In this paper we study possibilities of using hierarchical reasoning, symbol elimination and model generation for the verification of parametric systems, where the parameters can be constants or functions. Our goal is to automatically…
The importance of mission or safety critical software systems in many application domains of embedded systems is continuously growing, and so is the effort and complexity for reliability and safety analysis. Model driven development is…
Deepfakes can fuel online misinformation. As deepfakes get harder to recognize with the naked eye, human users become more reliant on deepfake detection models to help them decide whether a video is real or fake. Currently, models yield a…
Understanding application resilience (or error tolerance) in the presence of hardware transient faults on data objects is critical to ensure computing integrity and enable efficient application-level fault tolerance mechanisms. However, we…
Abstract State Machines (ASMs) have shown to be a suitable high-level specification method for complex, even industrial, systems; the ASMETA framework, supporting several validation and verification activities on ASM models, is an example…
Unsupervised machine learning is the training of an artificial intelligence system using information that is neither classified nor labeled, with a view to modeling the underlying structure or distribution in a dataset. Since unsupervised…
The technology of formal software verification has made spectacular advances, but how much does it actually benefit the development of practical software? Considerable disagreement remains about the practicality of building systems with…
We present iSMC, the first self-certifying model checker with interactive certification, a certification paradigm based on the theory of interactive proof systems. iSMC is a symbolic BDD-based model checker for arbitrary properties of…
Safety-critical system's failure or malfunction can cause loss of human lives or damage to the physical environment; therefore, continuous safety assessment is crucial for such systems. In many domains this includes the use of Safety…
This paper describes the xSAP safety analysis platform. xSAP provides several model-based safety analysis features for finite- and infinite-state synchronous transition systems. In particular, it supports library-based definition of fault…
The rapid advancement of ML models in critical sectors such as healthcare, finance, and security has intensified the need for robust data security, model integrity, and reliable outputs. Large multimodal foundational models, while crucial…
Relational properties arise in many settings: relating two versions of a program that use different data representations, noninterference properties for security, etc. The main ingredient of relational verification, relating aligned pairs…