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The shuffle product has a connection with several useful permutation statistics such as descent and peak, and corresponds to the multiplication operation in the corresponding descent and peak algebras. In their recent work, Gessel and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-03-19 Ezgi Kantarcı Oğuz

Since the early work of Richard Stanley, it has been observed that several permutation statistics have a remarkable property with respect to shuffles of permutations. We formalize this notion of a shuffle-compatible permutation statistic…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-06-13 Ira M. Gessel , Yan Zhuang

The notion of shuffle-compatible permutation statistics was implicit in Stanley's work on P-partitions and was first explicitly studied by Gessel and Zhuang. The aim of this paper is to prove that the triple ${\rm (udr, pk, des)}$ is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-05-12 Lihong Yang , Sherry H. F. Yan

Consider a permutation p to be any finite list of distinct positive integers. A statistic is a function St whose domain is all permutations. Let S(p,q) be the set of shuffles of two disjoint permutations p and q. We say that St is shuffle…

A permutation statistic $\operatorname{st}$ is said to be shuffle-compatible if the distribution of $\operatorname{st}$ over the set of shuffles of two disjoint permutations $\pi$ and $\sigma$ depends only on $\operatorname{st}\pi$,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-09-29 Jinting Liang , Bruce E. Sagan , Yan Zhuang

A permutation statistic is substring-compatible if its value on a permutation determines its value on every substring of that permutation. We construct the substring coalgebra of such a statistic, an analog of the shuffle algebra of a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-10-30 Michael Tang

Define a permutation to be any sequence of distinct positive integers. Given two permutations p and s on disjoint underlying sets, we denote by p sh s the set of shuffles of p and s (the set of all permutations obtained by interleaving the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-06-19 Duff Baker-Jarvis , Bruce Sagan

A formula of Stembridge states that the permutation peak polynomials and descent polynomials are connected via a quadratique transformation. The aim of this paper is to establish the cycle analogue of Stembridge's formula by using cycle…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-07-30 Bin Han , Jianxi Mao , Jiang Zeng

We prove limit theorems for the number of fixed points, descents, and inversions of iterated random-to-top shuffles in two asymptotic regimes. Our proofs are analytic, and they utilize new combinatorial decompositions that represent each…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-04-10 Alexander Clay

The development of the theories of the second-order Eulerian polynomials began with the works of Buckholtz and Carlitz in their studies of an asymptotic expansion. Gessel-Stanley introduced Stirling permutations and presented combinatorial…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-10-25 Shi-Mei Ma , Hao Qi , Jean Yeh , Yeong-Nan Yeh

In inference problems involving a multi-dimensional parameter $\theta$, it is often natural to consider decision rules that have a risk which is invariant under some group $G$ of permutations of $\theta$. We show that this implies that the…

Methodology · Statistics 2014-07-01 Erik van Zwet

We extend Stanley's work on alternating permutations with extremal number of fixed points in two directions: first, alternating permutations are replaced by permutations with a prescribed descent set; second, instead of simply counting…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-06-22 Guo-Niu Han , Guoce Xin

We prove bounds on statistical distances between high-dimensional exchangeable mixture distributions (which we call \emph{permutation mixtures}) and their i.i.d. counterparts. Our results are based on a novel method for controlling $\chi^2$…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-09-17 Yanjun Han , Jonathan Niles-Weed

In 2020, Hamaker, Pawlowski, and Sagan introduced the \emph{pattern quasisymmetric functions}, which are quasisymmetric functions associated with pattern-avoidance classes of permutations, and defined via expansions in fundamental…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-10-21 Matthew Slattery-Holmes

This paper studies statistics of riffle shuffles by relating them to random word statistics with the use of inverse shuffles. Asymptotic normality of the number of descents and inversions in riffle shuffles with convergence rates of order…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-03-12 Umit Islak

Part I of this series (arXiv:2602.09029) develops a sharp Gaussian (LAN/GDP) limit theory for neighboring shuffle experiments when the local randomizer is fixed and has full support bounded away from zero. The present paper characterizes…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-03-12 Alex Shvets

Using the Berele/Remmel/Kerov/Vershik variation of the Robinson-Schensted-Knuth correspondence, we study the cycle and increasing subsequence structure after various methods of shuffling. One consequence is a cycle index for shuffles like:…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Jason Fulman

The Stirling permutations introduced by Gessel-Stanley have recently received considerable attention. Motivated by Ji's work on $(\alpha,\beta)$-Eulerian polynomials (Sci China Math., 2025) and Yan-Yang-Lin's work on $1/k$-Eulerian…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-07-28 Shi-Mei Ma , Jianfeng Wang , Guiying Yan , Jean Yeh , Yeong-Nan Yeh

Starting from some considerations we make about the relations between certain difference statistics and the classical permutation statistics we study permutations whose inversion number and excedance difference coincide. It turns out that…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Astrid Reifegerste

Any permutation statistic $f:\sym\to\CC$ may be represented uniquely as a, possibly infinite, linear combination of (classical) permutation patterns: $f= \Sigma_\tau\lambda_f(\tau)\tau$. To provide explicit expansions for certain…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2011-03-08 Petter Brändén , Anders Claesson
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