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This chapter presents a brief review of complexity research in mathematics education. We argue how research on complexity, as it pertains to mathematics education, can be viewed as an epistemological discourse, an historical discourse, a…

Physics Education · Physics 2018-05-22 Brent Davis , Pratim Sengupta

Much work has been done to give semantics to probabilistic programming languages. In recent years, most of the semantics used to reason about probabilistic programs fall in two categories: semantics based on Markov kernels and semantics…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-03-06 Pedro H. Azevedo de Amorim

We study the computational complexity of sequences of projective varieties. We define analogues of the complexity classes P and NP for these and prove the NP-completeness of a sequence called the universal circuit resultant. This is the…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2016-09-12 M. Umut Isik

We define {\em semantic complexity} using a new concept of {\em meaning automata}. We measure the semantic complexity of understanding of prepositional phrases, of an "in depth understanding system", and of a natural language interface to…

cmp-lg · Computer Science 2008-02-03 Wlodek Zadrozny

This paper presents a novel and straight formulation, and gives a complete insight towards the understanding of the complexity of the problems of the so called NP-Class. In particular, this paper focuses in the Searching of the Optimal…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2010-06-14 Carlos Barron-Romero

We examine the meaning and the complexity of probabilistic logic programs that consist of a set of rules and a set of independent probabilistic facts (that is, programs based on Sato's distribution semantics). We focus on two semantics,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-02-01 Fabio Gagliardi Cozman , Denis Deratani Mauá

We introduce a hierarchy of fast-growing complexity classes and show its suitability for completeness statements of many non elementary problems. This hierarchy allows the classification of many decision problems with a non-elementary…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2016-02-05 Sylvain Schmitz

We develop a theory of complexity for numerical computations that takes into account the condition of the input data and allows for roundoff in the computations. We follow the lines of the theory developed by Blum, Shub, and Smale for…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2014-06-09 Felipe Cucker

This paper provides a model theoretic semantics to feature terms augmented with set descriptions. We provide constraints to specify HPSG style set descriptions, fixed cardinality set descriptions, set-membership constraints, restricted…

cmp-lg · Computer Science 2008-02-03 Suresh Manandhar

We develop theory concerning non-uniform complexity in a setting in which the notion of single-pass instruction sequence considered in program algebra is the central notion. We define counterparts of the complexity classes P/poly and…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2010-07-15 J. A. Bergstra , C. A. Middelburg

The purpose of this article is to examine and limit the conditions in which the P complexity class could be equivalent to the NP complexity class. Proof is provided by demonstrating that as the number of clauses in a NP-complete problem…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2008-09-07 Jerrald Meek

We classify the possible Scott complexities for models of Peano arithmetic. We construct models of particular complexities by first giving a complete Scott analysis of colored linear orderings and constructing models of Peano arithmetic…

Logic · Mathematics 2025-07-17 David Gonzalez , Mateusz Łełyk , Dino Rossegger , Patryk Szlufik

This article presents a general solution to the problem of computational complexity. First, it gives a historical introduction to the problem since the revival of the foundational problems of mathematics at the end of the 19th century.…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2023-12-25 Rami Zaidan

We discuss the open question of the relation between semantics and nominal class assignment in Swahili. We approach the problem from a computational perspective, aiming first to quantify the extent of this relation, and then to explicate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Giada Palmieri , Konstantinos Kogkalidis

The complexity class DP is the class of all languages that are the intersection of a language in NP and a language in coNP. It was conjectured that recognizing a facet for the knapsack polytope is DP-complete. We provide a positive answer…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-10-21 Rui Chen , Haoran Zhu

This chapter delves into the realm of computational complexity, exploring the world of challenging combinatorial problems and their ties with statistical physics. Our exploration starts by delving deep into the foundations of combinatorial…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2023-10-04 Raffaele Marino

Treating a conjecture, P^#P != NP, on the separation of complexity classes as an axiom, an implication is found in three manifold topology with little obvious connection to complexity theory. This is reminiscent of Harvey Friedman's work on…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2009-06-17 M. Freedman

The state complexity of a regular language is the number of states in a minimal deterministic finite automaton accepting the language. The syntactic complexity of a regular language is the cardinality of its syntactic semigroup. The…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2017-01-16 Janusz A. Brzozowski , Marek Szykuła , Yuli Ye

Publishing articles in high-impact English journals is difficult for scholars around the world, especially for non-native English-speaking scholars (NNESs), most of whom struggle with proficiency in English. In order to uncover the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-09-14 Chao Lu , Yi Bu , Jie Wang , Ying Ding , Vetle Torvik , Matthew Schnaars , Chengzhi Zhang

This note clarifies the concept of syntax and semantics and their relationships. Today, a lot of confusion arises from the fact that the word "semantics" is used in different meanings. We discuss a general approach at defining semantics…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2014-09-25 Bernhard Rumpe