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Episodic memory is a central component of human memory, which refers to the ability to recall coherent events grounded in who, when, and where. However, most agent memory systems only emphasize semantic recall and treat experience as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Kexin Ma , Bojun Li , Yuhua Tang , Liting Sun , Ruochun Jin

As Large Language Models (LLMs) evolve from text-completion tools into fully fledged agents operating in dynamic environments, they must address the challenge of continually learning and retaining long-term knowledge. Many biological…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Mathis Pink , Qinyuan Wu , Vy Ai Vo , Javier Turek , Jianing Mu , Alexander Huth , Mariya Toneva

Research on large language models (LLMs) has shown remarkable performance in domains such as mathematics, programming, and literary creation. However, most studies have focused on semantic memory-based question answering, neglecting LLMs'…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 WenTao Liu , Ruohua Zhang , Aimin Zhou , Feng Gao , JiaLi Liu

Quantum language models have shown competitive performance on sequential tasks, yet whether trained quantum circuits exploit genuinely quantum resources -- or merely embed classical computation in quantum hardware -- remains unknown. Prior…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-30 Nathan Roll

In model-based learning, an agent's model is commonly defined over transitions between consecutive states of an environment even though planning often requires reasoning over multi-step timescales, with intermediate states either…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-06 Alexey Zakharov , Matthew Crosby , Zafeirios Fountas

One major obstacle towards AI is the poor ability of models to solve new problems quicker, and without forgetting previously acquired knowledge. To better understand this issue, we study the problem of continual learning, where the model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-14 David Lopez-Paz , Marc'Aurelio Ranzato

Reinforcement learning under partial observability requires deciding what information to retain, yet most memory-based approaches do not explicitly model short-term-to-long-term transfer of symbolic observations. We study this transfer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Taewoon Kim , Vincent François-Lavet , Michael Cochez

Energy-based models (EBMs) are powerful probabilistic models, but suffer from intractable sampling and density evaluation due to the partition function. As a result, inference in EBMs relies on approximate sampling algorithms, leading to a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-10 Dieterich Lawson , George Tucker , Bo Dai , Rajesh Ranganath

Episodic memory-based methods can rapidly latch onto past successful strategies by a non-parametric memory and improve sample efficiency of traditional reinforcement learning. However, little effort is put into the continuous domain, where…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-14 Hao Hu , Jianing Ye , Guangxiang Zhu , Zhizhou Ren , Chongjie Zhang

As LLM agents scale to long-horizon, multi-session deployments, efficiently managing accumulated experience becomes a critical bottleneck. Agent memory systems and agent skill discovery both address this challenge -- extracting reusable…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Xing Zhang , Guanghui Wang , Yanwei Cui , Wei Qiu , Ziyuan Li , Bing Zhu , Peiyang He

One of the key challenges in quantum machine learning is finding relevant machine learning tasks with a provable quantum advantage. A natural candidate for this is learning unknown Hamiltonian dynamics. Here, we tackle the supervised…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-23 Alice Barthe , Mahtab Yaghubi Rad , Michele Grossi , Vedran Dunjko

Many different studies have suggested that episodic memory is a generative process, but most computational models adopt a storage view. In this work, we propose a computational model for generative episodic memory. It is based on the…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2021-11-29 Zahra Fayyaz , Aya Altamimi , Sen Cheng , Laurenz Wiskott

We use a Quantum Extreme Learning Machine for characterizing and estimating parameters of quantum dynamics generated by a tunable collision model. The input to the learning protocol consists of quantum states produced by successive system…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-19 Hajar Assil , Abderrahim El Allati , Gian Luca Giorgi

Effective long-term memory in conversational AI requires synthesizing information across multiple sessions. However, current systems place excessive reasoning burden on response generation, making performance significantly dependent on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Sangyeop Kim , Yohan Lee , Sanghwa Kim , Hyunjong Kim , Sungzoon Cho

Generative models for quantum data pose significant challenges but hold immense potential in fields such as chemoinformatics and quantum physics. Quantum denoising diffusion probabilistic models (QuDDPMs) enable efficient learning of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-03 Quoc Hoan Tran , Koki Chinzei , Yasuhiro Endo , Hirotaka Oshima

Quantum process characterization is a fundamental task in quantum information processing, yet conventional methods, such as quantum process tomography, require prohibitive resources and lack scalability. Here, we introduce an efficient…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-11 Yusen Wu , Yukun Zhang , Chuan Wang , Xiao Yuan

Episodic control enables sample efficiency in reinforcement learning by recalling past experiences from an episodic memory. We propose a new model-based episodic memory of trajectories addressing current limitations of episodic control. Our…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-09 Hung Le , Thommen Karimpanal George , Majid Abdolshah , Truyen Tran , Svetha Venkatesh

As computers approach the physical limits of information storable in memory, new methods will be needed to further improve information storage and retrieval. We propose a quantum inspired vector based approach, which offers a contextually…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2016-11-17 Kirsty Kitto , Peter Bruza , Liane Gabora

Recent developments in Language Models (LMs) have shown their effectiveness in NLP tasks, particularly in knowledge-intensive tasks. However, the mechanisms underlying knowledge storage and memory access within their parameters remain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Tongyao Zhu , Qian Liu , Liang Pang , Zhengbao Jiang , Min-Yen Kan , Min Lin

Determining the Hamiltonian of a quantum system is essential for understanding its dynamics and validating its behavior. Hamiltonian learning provides a data-driven approach to reconstruct the generator of the dynamics from measurements on…