English

Short-Term-to-Long-Term Memory Transfer for Knowledge Graphs under Partial Observability

Machine Learning 2026-05-22 v1 Artificial Intelligence

Abstract

Reinforcement learning under partial observability requires deciding what information to retain, yet most memory-based approaches do not explicitly model short-term-to-long-term transfer of symbolic observations. We study this transfer process in a temporal knowledge-graph memory setting and cast it as a neuro-symbolic value-based decision problem: for each observed triple, the agent chooses whether to keep or drop it before long-term insertion. To handle variable-sized short-term buffers, we use a per-item Q-learning design with shared parameters and a practical temporal-difference update over matched items across consecutive steps. On the RoomKG benchmark at long-term memory capacity 128, learned transfer decisions outperform symbolic and neural baselines, including symbolic baselines with temporal annotations and history-based LSTM/Transformer baselines. Across transfer-policy ablations, a lightweight local short-term-only variant performs best, and step-level behavior shows that the policy keeps navigation- and query-relevant facts while discarding lower-value candidate facts, supporting explicit and interpretable memory decisions under memory constraints.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2605.22142,
  title  = {Short-Term-to-Long-Term Memory Transfer for Knowledge Graphs under Partial Observability},
  author = {Taewoon Kim and Vincent François-Lavet and Michael Cochez},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2605.22142},
  year   = {2026}
}