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Related papers: Addendum to "HTN Acting: A Formalism and an Algori…

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Hierarchical Task Network (HTN) planning is a popular approach that cuts down on the classical planning search space by relying on a given hierarchical library of domain control knowledge. This provides an intuitive methodology for…

Robotics · Computer Science 2014-06-13 Raphaël Lallement , Lavindra de Silva , Rachid Alami

Hierarchical Task Network (HTN) planning uses task decomposition to plan for an executable sequence of actions as a solution to a problem. In order to reason effectively, an HTN planner needs expressive domain knowledge. For instance, a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2011-12-01 Ilče Georgievski , Alexander Lazovik , Marco Aiello

The ability of an agent to change its objectives in response to unexpected events is desirable in dynamic environments. In order to provide this capability to hierarchical task network (HTN) planning, we propose an extension of the paradigm…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-02-10 Weihang Yuan , Hector Munoz-Avila , Venkatsampath Raja Gogineni , Sravya Kondrakunta , Michael Cox , Lifang He

Goal recognition aims to infer an agent's goal from observations of its behaviour. In realistic settings, recognition can benefit from exploiting hierarchical task structure and reasoning under uncertainty. Planning-based goal recognition…

Symbolic Computation · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Chenyuan Zhang , Katherine Ip , Hamid Rezatofighi , Buser Say , Mor Vered

We introduce online Hierarchical Task Network (HTN) agents whose behaviors are governed by a set of built-in directives \D. Like other agents that are capable of rebellion (i.e., {\it intelligent disobedience}), our agents will, under some…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Hector Munoz-Avila , David W. Aha , Paola Rizzo

Many planning techniques have been developed to allow autonomous systems to act and make decisions based on their perceptions of the environment. Among these techniques, HTN ({\it Hierarchical Task Network}) planning is one of the most used…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-11-02 Abdeldjalil Ramoul , Damien Pellier , Humbert Fiorino , Sylvie Pesty

The Hierarchical Task Network ({\sf HTN}) formalism is very expressive and used to express a wide variety of planning problems. In contrast to the classical {\sf STRIPS} formalism in which only the action model needs to be specified, the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-06-15 M. Grand , H. Fiorino , D. Pellier

Intelligent tutors have shown success in delivering a personalized and adaptive learning experience. However, there exist challenges regarding the granularity of knowledge in existing frameworks and the resulting instructions they can…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-27 Momin N. Siddiqui , Adit Gupta , Jennifer M. Reddig , Christopher J. MacLellan

Hierarchies are the most common structure used to understand the world better. In galaxies, for instance, multiple-star systems are organised in a hierarchical system. Then, governmental and company organisations are structured using a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-03-31 Ilche Georgievski , Marco Aiello

In order to cope with the task allocation in national economic mobilization, a task allocation planning method based on Hierarchical Task Network (HTN) for national economic mobilization is proposed. An HTN planning algorithm is designed to…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Peng Zhao

Planning with preferences has been employed extensively to quickly generate high-quality plans. However, it may be difficult for the human expert to supply this information without knowledge of the reasoning employed by the planner and the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-04-23 Mayukh Das , Phillip Odom , Md. Rakibul Islam , Janardhan Rao , Doppa , Dan Roth , Sriraam Natarajan

Real world applications of planning, like in industry and robotics, require modelling rich and diverse scenarios. Their resolution usually requires coordinated and concurrent action executions. In several cases, such planning problems are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-06-07 D. Pellier , H. Fiorino , M. Grand , A. Albore , R. Bailon-Ruiz

The Hierarchical Task Network (HTN) formalism is used to express a wide variety of planning problems in terms of decompositions of tasks into subtaks. Many techniques have been proposed to solve such hierarchical planning problems. A…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-06-16 N. Cavrel , D. Pellier , H. Fiorino

Hierarchical Task Network (HTN) planning is showing its power in real-world planning. Although domain experts have partial hierarchical domain knowledge, it is time-consuming to specify all HTN methods, leaving them incomplete. On the other…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-12-02 Zhanhao Xiao , Hai Wan , Hankui Hankz Zhuo , Andreas Herzig , Laurent Perrussel , Peilin Chen

Real world applications as in industry and robotics need modelling rich and diverse automated planning problems. Their resolution usually requires coordinated and concurrent action execution. In several cases, these problems are naturally…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-06-14 Damien Pellier , Alexandre Albore , Humbert Fiorino , Rafael Bailon-Ruiz

Deterministic planning assumes that the planning evolves along a fully predictable path, and therefore it loses the practical value in most real projections. A more realistic view is that planning ought to take into consideration partial…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-09-29 Peng Zhao

Large language models (LLMs) often struggle when performing agentic tasks without substantial tool support, prom-pt engineering, or fine tuning. Despite research showing that domain-dependent, procedural knowledge can dramatically increase…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Vincent Hsiao , Mark Roberts , Leslie Smith

We propose automatically learning probabilistic Hierarchical Task Networks (pHTNs) in order to capture a user's preferences on plans, by observing only the user's behavior. HTNs are a common choice of representation for a variety of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2010-06-03 Nan Li , William Cushing , Subbarao Kambhampati , Sungwook Yoon

HTN planning is a variation of classical planning where, instead of searching for a linear sequence of actions, an algorithm decomposes higher-level tasks using a method library until only executable actions remain. On one hand, this allows…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Felipe Meneguzzi , Alexandre Buchweitz , Augusto B. Corrêa , Victor Scherer Putrich , André Grahl Pereira

Large language model-based web agents have shown strong potential in automating web interactions through advanced reasoning and instruction following. While retrieval-based memory derived from historical trajectories enables these agents to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Yunteng Tan , Zhi Gao , Xinxiao Wu
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