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As artificial intelligence (AI) models quickly spread and become more advanced, they are requiring an ever-increasing amount of data and compute capability, leading to a significant energy cost. Training and inference of AI models including…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Anirudh Shankar , Avhishek Chatterjee , Anjan Chakravorty

Artificial intelligence (AI) raises expectations of substantial increases in rates of technological and scientific progress, but such anticipations are often not connected to detailed ground-level studies of AI use in innovation processes.…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-11-21 John P. Nelson , Olajide Olugbade , Philip Shapira , Justin B. Biddle

This paper presents a comprehensive synthesis of major breakthroughs in artificial intelligence (AI) over the past fifteen years, integrating historical, theoretical, and technological perspectives. It identifies key inflection points in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Beyazit Bestami Yuksel , Ayse Yilmazer Metin

Increased adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) systems into scientific workflows will result in an increasing technical debt as the distance between the data scientists and engineers who develop AI system components and scientists,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-03-08 Iain Barclay , Harrison Taylor , Alun Preece , Ian Taylor , Dinesh Verma , Geeth de Mel

The artificial intelligence industry is not an isolated economic phenomenon; it is the current physical substrate for a broader, multi-billion-year process: the evolution of an abstract intelligence on Earth. As the scale of computation…

Physics and Society · Physics 2026-05-29 William Yicheng Zhu , Lei Zhu

AI agents -- systems that combine foundation models with reasoning, planning, memory, and tool use -- are rapidly becoming a practical interface between natural-language intent and real-world computation. This survey synthesizes the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Bin Xu

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into Integrated Development Environments (IDEs) is reshaping software development, fundamentally altering how developers interact with their tools. This shift marks the emergence of Human-AI…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Agnia Sergeyuk , Ilya Zakharov , Ekaterina Koshchenko , Maliheh Izadi

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is reshaping many societal domains, raising critical questions about its risks, benefits, and the potential misalignment between public and academic perspectives. This study examines how the general public…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Philipp Brauner , Felix Glawe , Gian Luca Liehner , Luisa Vervier , Martina Ziefle

The emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) and its progressively wider impact on many sectors across the society requires an assessment of its effect on sustainable development. Here we analyze published evidence of positive or negative…

As full AI-based automation remains out of reach in most real-world applications, the focus has instead shifted to leveraging the strengths of both human and AI agents, creating effective collaborative systems. The rapid advances in this…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-04-19 Steffen Holter , Mennatallah El-Assady

Artificial intelligence (AI) is playing an increasingly significant role in our everyday lives. This trend is expected to continue, especially with recent pushes to move more AI to the edge. However, one of the biggest challenges associated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-18 Cory Merkel

Prior work has mapped which workplace tasks are exposed to AI, but less is known about whether workers perceive these tasks as meaningful or as busywork. We examined: (1) which dimensions of meaningful work do workers associate with tasks…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Jaspreet Ranjit , Ke Zhou , Swabha Swayamdipta , Daniele Quercia

The implementation of responsible AI in an organization is inherently complex due to the involvement of multiple stakeholders, each with their unique set of goals and responsibilities across the entire AI lifecycle. These responsibilities…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Blaine Kuehnert , Rachel M. Kim , Jodi Forlizzi , Hoda Heidari

Increased delegation of commercial, scientific, governmental, and personal activities to AI agents -- systems capable of pursuing complex goals with limited supervision -- may exacerbate existing societal risks and introduce new risks.…

Despite efforts to mitigate the inherent risks and biases of artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms, these algorithms can disproportionately impact culturally marginalized groups. A range of approaches has been proposed to address or…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Rashid Mushkani , Hugo Berard , Toumadher Ammar , Cassandre Chatonnier , Shin Koseki

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has transitioned from a futuristic concept reserved for large corporations to a present-day, accessible, and essential growth lever for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs). For entrepreneurs and business…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Oluwatosin Agbaakin

In this paper, we examine the wide-ranging impact of artificial intelligence on society, focusing on its potential to both help and harm global equity, cognitive abilities, and economic stability. We argue that while artificial intelligence…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-03-25 Guy Paić , Leonid Serkin

Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems have historically been used as tools that execute narrowly defined tasks. Yet recent advances in AI have unlocked possibilities for a new class of models that genuinely collaborate with humans in complex…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Kerem Oktar , Katherine M. Collins , Jose Hernandez-Orallo , Diane Coyle , Stephen Cave , Adrian Weller , Ilia Sucholutsky

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is progressing rapidly, and companies are shifting their focus to developing generalist AI systems that can autonomously act and pursue goals. Increases in capabilities and autonomy may soon massively amplify…

Existing AI evaluation practices often fail to capture how systems actually perform in low-resource environments, where operational constraints shape usability as much as model quality. Through a structured analysis of existing benchmark…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Aakash Pant , Kavya Shah , Apoorv Agnihotri , Sneha Nikam , Prasaanth Balraj , Nakul Jain