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In this article, we present a new machine learning model by imitation based on the linguistic description of complex phenomena. The idea consists of, first, capturing the behaviour of human players by creating a computational perception…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-08 Clemente Rubio-Manzano , Tomas Lermanda , CLaudia Martinez , Alejandra Segura , Christian Vidal

We present a reinforcement learning (RL) based guidance system for automated theorem proving geared towards Finding Longer Proofs (FLoP). Unlike most learning based approaches, we focus on generalising from very little training data and…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-06-30 Zsolt Zombori , Adrián Csiszárik , Henryk Michalewski , Cezary Kaliszyk , Josef Urban

Proof automation is crucial to large-scale formal mathematics and software/hardware verification projects in ITPs. Sophisticated tools called hammers have been developed to provide general-purpose proof automation in ITPs such as Coq and…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Yicheng Qian , Joshua Clune , Clark Barrett , Jeremy Avigad

We report about significant enhancements of the complex algebraic geometry theorem proving subsystem in GeoGebra for automated proofs in Euclidean geometry, concerning the extension of numerous GeoGebra tools with proof capabilities. As a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-03-04 Zoltán Kovács , Csilla Sólyom-Gecse

We define the concept of collaborative theorem proving and outline our plan to make it a reality. We believe that a successful implementation of collaborative theorem proving is a necessary prerequisite for the formal verification of large…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2014-04-25 Steven Obua , Jacques Fleuriot , Phil Scott , David Aspinall

Formal theorem-proving benchmarks enable mechanically verifiable evaluation of mathematical reasoning in large language models. However, existing benchmarks mainly focus on Olympiad-style problems and algebraic domains, leaving…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Wentao Long , Yunfei Zhang , Chenyi Li , Li Zhou , Chumin Sun , Zaiwen Wen

We demonstrate that game-theoretic calculations serve as a useful tool for assisting cyber wargaming teams in identifying useful strategies. We note a significant similarity between formulating cyber wargaming strategies and the methodology…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-10-01 Edward Colbert , Alexander Kott , Lawrence Knachel

This survey paper is an expanded version of an invited keynote at the ThEdu'22 workshop, August 2022, in Haifa (Israel). After a short introduction on the developments of CAS, DGS and other useful technologies, we show implications in…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2023-03-20 Thierry Noah Dana-Picard

In our contribution we describe some on-going improvements concerning the Automated Reasoning Tools developed in GeoGebra Discovery, providing different examples of the performance of these new features. We describe the new ShowProof…

Symbolic Computation · Computer Science 2024-01-25 Zoltán Kovács , Tomás Recio , M. Pilar Vélez

This paper provides a new version of matrix semi-tensor product method based on adjacent transpositions to test symmetric games. The advantage of using adjacent transpositions lies in the great simplification of analysis of symmetric games.…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-02-22 Lei Wang , Xinyun Liu , Ting Li , Jiandong Zhu

We report on the development of an optimized and verified decision procedure for orthologic equalities and inequalities. This decision procedure is quadratic-time and is used as a sound, efficient and predictable approximation to classical…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Simon Guilloud , Clément Pit-Claudel

This position paper argues that machine learning for scientific discovery should shift from inductive pattern recognition to axiom-based reasoning. We propose a game design framework in which scientific inquiry is recast as a rule-evolving…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Pingchuan Ma , Benjamin Tod Jones , Tsun-Hsuan Wang , Minghao Guo , Michal Piotr Lipiec , Chuang Gan , Wojciech Matusik

Theorem proving is fundamental to program verification, where the automated proof of Verification Conditions (VCs) remains a primary bottleneck. Real-world program verification frequently encounters hard VCs that existing Automated Theorem…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Qiyuan Xu , Xiaokun Luan , Renxi Wang , Joshua Ong Jun Leang , Peixin Wang , Haonan Li , Wenda Li , Conrad Watt

This paper proposes a paradigm shift for affective computing by viewing the affect modeling task as a reinforcement learning process. According to our proposed framework the context (environment) and the actions of an agent define the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-29 Matthew Barthet , Antonios Liapis , Georgios N. Yannakakis

We describe our experience implementing a broad category-theory library in Coq. Category theory and computational performance are not usually mentioned in the same breath, but we have needed substantial engineering effort to teach Coq to…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2022-05-04 Jason Gross , Adam Chlipala , David I. Spivak

When working on intelligent tutor systems designed for mathematics education and its specificities, an interesting objective is to provide relevant help to the students by anticipating their next steps. This can only be done by knowing,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-03-02 Ludovic Font , Sébastien Cyr , Philippe R. Richard , Michel Gagnon

The motivation for this paper comes out of our experience with teaching natural deduction (ND) and with the way this formal system is implemented by the \textsc{Coq} proof assistant, namely by means of so-called tactics, which are…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2015-07-15 Favio E. Miranda-Perea , P. Selene Linares-Arévalo , Atocha Aliseda

We propose to build a reinforcement learning prover of independent components: a deductive system (an environment), the proof state representation (how an agent sees the environment), and an agent training algorithm. To that purpose, we…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-09-07 Boris Shminke

A fundamental challenge in formal theorem proving by LLMs is the lack of high-quality training data. Although reinforcement learning or expert iteration partially mitigates this issue by alternating between LLM generating proofs and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Kefan Dong , Tengyu Ma

Aiming to offer a framework for blended learning to the teaching of proof theory, the present paper describes an interactive tutorial, called \textsc{TryLogic}, teaching how to solve logical conjectures either by proofs or refutations. The…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2015-07-15 Patrick Terrematte , João Marcos