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We consider the urn setting with two different objects, ``good'' and ``bad'', and analyze the number of draws without replacement until a good object is picked. Although the expected number of draws for this setting is a standard textbook…

Probability · Mathematics 2014-04-07 John Ahlgren

Stochastic approximation algorithm is a useful technique which has been exploited successfully in probability theory and statistics for a long time. The step sizes used in stochastic approximation are generally taken to be deterministic and…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-09-25 Ujan Gangopadhyay , Krishanu Maulik

In this paper we show how to extend the Sample-Path Large Deviation Principle for the urn model of Hill, Lane and Sudderth to the case in which the increment of the urn is not a binary variable. In particular, we sketch how to modify the…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-11-19 Simone Franchini

We analyse the convergence to equilibrium of the Bernoulli--Laplace urn model: initially, one urn contains $k$ red balls and a second $n-k$ blue balls; in each step, a pair of balls is chosen uniform and their locations are switched. Cutoff…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-09-13 Sam Olesker-Taylor , Dominik Schmid

We consider a variant of the randomly reinforced urn where more balls can be simultaneously drawn out and balls of different colors can be simultaneously added. More precisely, at each time-step, the conditional distribution of the number…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-07-09 Irene Crimaldi

Strongly consistent estimates are shown, via relative frequency, for the probability of "white balls" inside a dichotomous urn when such a probability is an arbitrary continuous time dependent function over a bounded time interval. The…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-09-20 Silvano Fiorin

We study a general preferential attachment and Polya's urn model. At each step a new vertex is introduced, which can be connected to at most one existing vertex. If it is disconnected, it becomes a pioneer vertex. Given that it is not…

Probability · Mathematics 2013-03-18 Andrea Collevecchio , Codina Cotar , Marco LiCalzi

Consider a generalized time-dependent P\'olya urn process defined as follows. Let $d\in \mathbb{N}$ be the number of urns/colors. At each time $n$, we distribute $\sigma_n$ balls randomly to the $d$ urns, proportionally to $f$, where $f$ is…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-02-01 Wioletta M. Ruszel , Debleena Thacker

Consider the following process whereby $n$ balls are distributed into $k$ bins. Repeatedly, a ball is removed from a non-empty bin chosen uniformly at random. The process ends when a single non-empty bin remains. Will Ma…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-02-16 Jose Correa , Marcos Kiwi , Vasilis Livanos , Eilon Solan , Ron Solan

A cyclic urn is an urn model for balls of types $0,\ldots,m-1$. The urn starts at time zero with an initial configuration. Then, in each time step, first a ball is drawn from the urn uniformly and independently from the past. If its type is…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-03-14 Noela Müller , Ralph Neininger

We study the following synchronous process that we call "repeated balls-into-bins". The process is started by assigning $n$ balls to $n$ bins in an arbitrary way. In every subsequent round, from each non-empty bin one ball is chosen…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2016-05-25 Luca Becchetti , Andrea Clementi , Emanuele Natale , Francesco Pasquale , Gustavo Posta

We consider a system of urns of Polya-type, with balls of two colors; the reinforcement of each urn depends both on the content of the same urn and on the average content of all urns. We show that the urns synchronize almost surely, in the…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-03-08 Paolo Dai Pra , Pierre-Yves Louis , Ida G. Minelli

We consider a mean-field dynamical urn model, defined by rules which give the rate at which a ball is drawn from an urn and put in another one, chosen amongst an assembly. At equilibrium, this model possesses a fluid and a condensed phase,…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-06-24 C. Godreche , J. M. Luck

We consider an urn model, whose replacement matrix has all entries nonnegative and is balanced, that is, has constant row sums. We obtain the rates of the counts of balls corresponding to each color for the strong laws to hold. The analysis…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-09-05 Amites Dasgupta , Krishanu Maulik

In this paper, we prove functional limit theorems for P\'olya urn processes whose number of draws and initial number of balls tend to infinity together. This is motivated by recent work of Borovkov [5], where they prove a functional limit…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-06-13 Christopher B. C. Dean

Consider throwing $n$ balls at random into $m$ urns, each ball landing in urn $i$ with probability $p_i$. Let $S$ be the resulting number of singletons, i.e., urns containing just one ball. We give an error bound for the Kolmogorov distance…

Probability · Mathematics 2009-01-23 Mathew D. Penrose

We introduce a modification of the generalized P\'olya urn model containing two urns and we study the number of balls $B_j(n)$ of a given color $j\in\{1,\ldots,J\}$, $J\in\mathbb{N}$ added to the urns after $n$ draws. We provide sufficient…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-08-13 Konrad Kolesko , Ecaterina Sava-Huss

Though widely used in applications, reinforced random walk on graphs have never been the subject of a valid statistical inference. We develop in this paper a statistical framework for a general two-colored urn model. The probability to draw…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2016-10-05 Line Chloé Le Goff , Philippe Soulier

We consider preferential attachment random graphs which may be obtained as follows: It starts with a single node. If a new node appears, it is linked by an edge to one or more existing node(s) with a probability proportional to function of…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-01-29 K. Doku-Amponsah , F. O. Mettle , E. N. N. Nortey

We introduce a multi-colour multi-urn generalisation of the Bernoulli-Laplace urn model, consisting of $d$ urns, $m$ colours, and $dmn$ balls, with $dn$ balls of each colour and $mn$ balls in each urn. At each step, one ball is drawn…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-11-14 Ritesh Goenka , Jonathan Hermon , Dominik Schmid