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Related papers: Generative timbre spaces: regularizing variational…

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Recent studies show the ability of unsupervised models to learn invertible audio representations using Auto-Encoders. They enable high-quality sound synthesis but a limited control since the latent spaces do not disentangle timbre…

Sound · Computer Science 2020-08-18 Antoine Caillon , Adrien Bitton , Brice Gatinet , Philippe Esling

Controllable timbre synthesis has been a subject of research for several decades, and deep neural networks have been the most successful in this area. Deep generative models such as Variational Autoencoders (VAEs) have the ability to…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-07-21 Anastasia Natsiou , Luca Longo , Sean O'Leary

We present a comparative evaluation of latent space organization in three Variational Autoencoders (VAEs) for musical timbre generation: an unsupervised VAE, a descriptor-conditioned VAE, and a VAE conditioned on continuous perceptual…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Joseph Cameron , Alan Blackwell

Timbre is a set of perceptual attributes that identifies different types of sound sources. Although its definition is usually elusive, it can be seen from a signal processing viewpoint as all the spectral features that are perceived…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-07-14 Adrien Bitton , Philippe Esling , Tatsuya Harada

In this study, we produce a geometrically scaled perceptual timbre space from dissimilarity ratings of subtractive synthesized sounds and correlate the resulting dimensions with a set of acoustic descriptors. We curate a set of 15 sounds,…

Sound · Computer Science 2020-09-25 Cyrus Vahidi , George Fazekas , Charalampos Saitis , Alessandro Palladini

Generative models have been successfully applied to image style transfer and domain translation. However, there is still a wide gap in the quality of results when learning such tasks on musical audio. Furthermore, most translation models…

Sound · Computer Science 2018-10-02 Adrien Bitton , Philippe Esling , Axel Chemla-Romeu-Santos

The research in Deep Learning applications in sound and music computing have gathered an interest in the recent years; however, there is still a missing link between these new technologies and on how they can be incorporated into real-world…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Kıvanç Tatar , Kelsey Cotton , Daniel Bisig

Understanding and manipulating timbre is central to audio synthesis, yet this remains under-explored in machine learning due to a lack of annotated datasets linking perceptual timbre dimensions to semantic descriptors. We present the…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Joseph Cameron , Alan Blackwell

In this paper, we learn disentangled representations of timbre and pitch for musical instrument sounds. We adapt a framework based on variational autoencoders with Gaussian mixture latent distributions. Specifically, we use two separate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-02 Yin-Jyun Luo , Kat Agres , Dorien Herremans

While sparse autoencoders (SAEs) successfully extract interpretable features from language models, applying them to audio generation faces unique challenges: audio's dense nature requires compression that obscures semantic meaning, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Nathan Paek , Yongyi Zang , Qihui Yang , Randal Leistikow

This paper presents a novel approach to neural instrument sound synthesis using a two-stage semi-supervised learning framework capable of generating pitch-accurate, high-quality music samples from an expressive timbre latent space. Existing…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Christian Limberg , Fares Schulz , Zhe Zhang , Stefan Weinzierl

Psychoacoustical so-called "timbre spaces" map perceptual similarity ratings of instrument sounds onto low-dimensional embeddings via multidimensional scaling, but suffer from scalability issues and are incapable of generalization. Recent…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Haokun Tian , Stefan Lattner , Charalampos Saitis

The recent success of raw audio waveform synthesis models like WaveNet motivates a new approach for music synthesis, in which the entire process --- creating audio samples from a score and instrument information --- is modeled using…

Sound · Computer Science 2018-11-02 Jong Wook Kim , Rachel Bittner , Aparna Kumar , Juan Pablo Bello

Generative models have thrived in computer vision, enabling unprecedented image processes. Yet the results in audio remain less advanced. Our project targets real-time sound synthesis from a reduced set of high-level parameters, including…

Sound · Computer Science 2019-06-25 Adrien Bitton , Philippe Esling , Antoine Caillon , Martin Fouilleul

Variational Autoencoders (VAEs) provide a theoretically-backed and popular framework for deep generative models. However, learning a VAE from data poses still unanswered theoretical questions and considerable practical challenges. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-01 Partha Ghosh , Mehdi S. M. Sajjadi , Antonio Vergari , Michael Black , Bernhard Schölkopf

Deep generative models applied to audio have improved by a large margin the state-of-the-art in many speech and music related tasks. However, as raw waveform modelling remains an inherently difficult task, audio generative models are either…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-16 Antoine Caillon , Philippe Esling

Improving controllability or the ability to manipulate one or more attributes of the generated data has become a topic of interest in the context of deep generative models of music. Recent attempts in this direction have relied on learning…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-08-04 Ashis Pati , Alexander Lerch

In this paper, we propose a musical instrument sound synthesis (MISS) method based on a variational autoencoder (VAE) that has a hierarchy-inducing latent space for timbre. VAE-based MISS methods embed an input signal into a low-dimensional…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-12-05 Futa Nakashima , Tomohiko Nakamura , Norihiro Takamune , Satoru Fukayama , Hiroshi Saruwatari

Modern generative models are usually designed to match target distributions directly in the data space, where the intrinsic dimension of data can be much lower than the ambient dimension. We argue that this discrepancy may contribute to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-02 Zijun Zhang , Ruixiang Zhang , Zongpeng Li , Yoshua Bengio , Liam Paull

VAEs (Variational AutoEncoders) have proved to be powerful in the context of density modeling and have been used in a variety of contexts for creative purposes. In many settings, the data we model possesses continuous attributes that we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-07-18 Gaëtan Hadjeres , Frank Nielsen , François Pachet
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